PM and CO2 variability and relationship in the different school environments

Lazović, Ivan; Jovašević-Stojanović, Milena; Živković, Marija; Tasić, Viša; Stevanović, Žarko

doi:10.2298/ciceq140212020l

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The authors reported that the main indoor air pollutant sources were those related to occupancy and settled dust: CO 2 and PM. Lazovic et al [30] assessed PM 10 , PM 2.5 , CO 2 , and NO 2 concentrations in two schools and identified a correlation between PM and CO 2 concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Quality Assessment: Comparison of Ventilation Scenarios for Retrofitting Classrooms in a Hot Climate

2019

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Current energy efficiency policies in buildings foster the promotion of energy retrofitting of the existing stock. In southern Spain, the most extensive public sector is that of educational buildings, which is especially subject to significant internal loads due to high occupancy. A large fraction of the energy retrofit strategies conducted to date have focused on energy aspects and indoor thermal comfort, repeatedly disregarding indoor air quality criteria. This research assesses indoor air quality in a school located in the Mediterranean area, with the objective of promoting different ventilation scenarios, based on occupancy patterns and carbon dioxide levels monitored on site. Results show that manual ventilation cannot guarantee minimum indoor quality levels following current standards. A constant ventilation based on CO2 levels allows 15% more thermal comfort hours a year to be reached, compared to CO2-based optimized demand-controlled ventilation. Nevertheless, the latter ensures 35% annual energy savings, compared to a constant CO2-based ventilation, and 37% more annual energy savings over that of a constant ventilation rate of outdoor air per person.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Quality Assessment: Comparison of Ventilation Scenarios for Retrofitting Classrooms in a Hot Climate

2019

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“…A high negative correlation was found between the temperature and the PM 2.5 concentration. In [36], Lazović et al detected high correlations between the CO 2 concentration and PM 2.5 and PM 10 in two schools in the non-heating period. They also revealed a correlation between the CO 2 concentration and relative humidity and indoor air temperature in their next study [37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a Ventilation System for Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality in a Renovated Historical Building: A Case Study

Nagy

Mečiarová

Vilčeková

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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This paper emphasizes the importance of environmental protection regarding the reduction of energy consumption while maintaining living standards. The aim of the research is to observe the effects of mechanical and natural ventilation on energy consumption and building operation as well as indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The results of indoor environmental quality testing show that the mean relative humidity (31%) is in the permissible range (30%–70%); the mean CO2 concentration (1050.5 ppm) is above the recommended value of 1000 ppm according to Pettenkofer; and the mean PM10 concentration (43.5 µg/m3) is under the limit value of 50 µg/m3. A very large positive correlation is found between relative humidity and concentration of CO2 as well as between the concentration of PM5 and the concentration of CO2. The most commonly occurring sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms are found to be fatigue and the feeling of a heavy head.

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“…In order to improve IAQ, several IAP mitigation measures were identified, based on the literature [ 8 , 12 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 38 , 39 ] and grouped hierarchically in 5 different types, from the less to the most expensive and complex: Type I—raising awareness; Type II—behavioural changes; Type III—changes in products/materials and places of activities; Type IV—technical and technological changes; Type V—structural changes. Detailed description of those measures can be consulted in Table S1 (Supplementary Materials) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After observing high concentrations of indoor air pollutants, mainly particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), several studies concluded that there is a pressing need to implement strategies to improve IAQ, through the implementation of measures to mitigate indoor air pollution (IAP): (i) the change of some behavioural habits, promoting efficient ventilation [ 8 , 12 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]; (ii) the improvement of cleaning actions [ 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]; (iii) the replacement of carpets and carpeted floors by smooth panels [ 27 , 33 ]; (iv) the adequacy of occupational density and promotion of more class breaks and outdoor activities [ 12 , 27 , 32 ]; and (v) structural measures such as the installation of air purifiers [ 33 ], the replacement of building materials, furniture and windows [ 25 , 34 ] and the replacement of the heating system [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Low-Cost Mitigation Measures Implemented to Improve Air Quality in Nursery and Primary Schools

Sá

Branco

Alvim-Ferraz

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Indoor air pollution mitigation measures are highly important due to the associated health impacts, especially on children, a risk group that spends significant time indoors. Thus, the main goal of the work here reported was the evaluation of mitigation measures implemented in nursery and primary schools to improve air quality. Continuous measurements of CO2, CO, NO2, O3, CH2O, total volatile organic compounds (VOC), PM1, PM2.5, PM10, Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and radon, as well as temperature and relative humidity were performed in two campaigns, before and after the implementation of low-cost mitigation measures. Evaluation of those mitigation measures was performed through the comparison of the concentrations measured in both campaigns. Exceedances to the values set by the national legislation and World Health Organization (WHO) were found for PM2.5, PM10, CO2 and CH2O during both indoor air quality campaigns. Temperature and relative humidity values were also above the ranges recommended by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). In general, pollutant concentrations measured after the implementation of low-cost mitigation measures were significantly lower, mainly for CO2. However, mitigation measures were not always sufficient to decrease the pollutants’ concentrations till values considered safe to protect human health.

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PM and CO2 variability and relationship in the different school environments

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Indoor Air Quality Assessment: Comparison of Ventilation Scenarios for Retrofitting Classrooms in a Hot Climate

Indoor Air Quality Assessment: Comparison of Ventilation Scenarios for Retrofitting Classrooms in a Hot Climate

Investigation of a Ventilation System for Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality in a Renovated Historical Building: A Case Study

Evaluation of Low-Cost Mitigation Measures Implemented to Improve Air Quality in Nursery and Primary Schools

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