Plutonium‐related work and cause‐specific mortality at the United States Department of Energy Hanford Site

Wing, Steve; Richardson, David B.; Wolf, Sebastian; Mihlan, Gary

doi:10.1002/ajim.10332

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The strong confounding apparent from internal exposure category observed in analyses for brain tumors, radiogenic solid cancers, leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma is consistent with other studies that have found lower mortality rates in nuclear workers who were monitored and exposed to plutonium and other radionuclides, likely because of strong selection effects for healthy, stable workers into this job category (Wing et al 2004). …”

Section: Radiation Dose-response Analysessupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Nuclear worker studies have typically classified workers by status as of first (Gilbert et al 1992), longest-held (Wing et al 2004), or last (Beral et al 1985) job title. In the present study, the primary objective in evaluating SES was to consider it as a surrogate of potential behavioral factors such as smoking.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies of nuclear workers have evaluated the importance of social class or SES (here, used interchangeably) as determinants of health status that may also be independently associated with exposure (Cardis and Kato 1993, Cardis et al 1995, Gilbert et al 1992, Frome et al 1997, Wing et al 2004. Nuclear worker studies have typically classified workers by status as of first (Gilbert et al 1992), longest-held (Wing et al 2004), or last (Beral et al 1985) job title.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Solid Cancer Mortality Associated with Chronic External Radiation Exposure at the French Atomic Energy Commission and Nuclear Fuel Company

et al. 2011

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Section: Radiation Dose-response Analysessupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Socioeconomic Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Socioeconomic Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid Cancer Mortality Associated with Chronic External Radiation Exposure at the French Atomic Energy Commission and Nuclear Fuel Company

et al. 2011

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“…Hanford workers with routine potential for plutonium exposure have lower cancer rates than other workers, even after adjusting for SES, employment status, and in vivo monitoring status, 25 suggesting an internal healthy worker effect possibly related to the Hanford occupational medicine programme, which required additional medical screening for workers entering jobs involving special hazards. 37 However, lung cancer ERR/Sv values are 24.62 (6.76 to 59.02) for plutonium workers versus 7.02 (1.61 to 15.20) for other Hanford workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 24 25 We used industrial process and work history records to create a job-exposure matrix for potential exposure to plutonium. 25 Workers were classified as potentially exposed to plutonium, starting on their first day of employment in a job with routine plutonium exposure potential.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at exposure to ionising radiation and cancer mortality among Hanford workers: follow up through 1994

Wing

Richardson

2005

Occup Environ Med

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Background: Studies of workers at the plutonium production factory in Hanford, WA have led to conflicting conclusions about the role of age at exposure as a modifier of associations between ionising radiation and cancer. Aims: To evaluate the influence of age at exposure on radiation risk estimates in an updated follow up of Hanford workers. Methods: A cohort of 26 389 workers hired between 1944 and 1978 was followed through 1994 to ascertain vital status and causes of death. External radiation dose estimates were derived from personal dosimeters. Poisson regression was used to estimate associations between mortality and cumulative external radiation dose at all ages, and in specific age ranges. Results: A total of 8153 deaths were identified, 2265 of which included cancer as an underlying or contributory cause. Estimates of the excess relative risk per Sievert (ERR/Sv) for cumulative radiation doses at all ages combined were negative for all cause and leukaemia and positive for all cancer and lung cancer. Cumulative doses accrued at ages below 35, 35-44, and 45-54 showed little association with mortality. For cumulative dose accrued at ages 55 and above (10 year lag), the estimated ERR/Sv for all cancers was 3.24 (90% CI: 0.80 to 6.17), primarily due to an association with lung cancer (ERR/Sv: 9.05, 90% CI: 2.96 to 17.92). Conclusions: Associations between radiation and cancer mortality in this cohort are primarily a function of doses at older ages and deaths from lung cancer. The association of older age radiation exposures and cancer mortality is similar to observations from several other occupational studies.

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Lung, liver and bone cancer mortality in Mayak workers

Sokolnikov

Gilbert

Preston

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

113

107

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Workers at the Mayak nuclear facility in the Russian Federation offer the only adequate human data for evaluating cancer risks from exposure to plutonium. Risks of mortality from cancers of the lung, liver and bone, the organs receiving the largest doses from plutonium, were evaluated in a cohort of 17,740 workers initially hired 1948–1972 using, for the first time, recently improved individual organ dose estimates. Excess relative risk (ERR) models were used to evaluate risks as functions of internal (plutonium) dose, external (primarily gamma) dose, gender, attained age and smoking. By December 31, 2003, 681 lung cancer deaths, 75 liver cancer deaths and 30 bone cancer deaths had occurred. Of these 786 deaths, 239 (30%) were attributed to plutonium exposure. Significant plutonium dose-response relationships (p < 0.001) were observed for all 3 endpoints, with lung and liver cancer risks reasonably described by linear functions. At attained age 60, the ERRs per Gy for lung cancer were 7.1 for males and 15 for females; the averaged-attained age ERRs for liver cancer were 2.6 and 29 for males and females, respectively; those for bone cancer were 0.76 and 3.4. This study is the first to present and compare dose-response analyses for cancers of all 3 organs. The unique Mayak cohort with its high exposures and well characterized doses has allowed quantification of the plutonium dose-response for lung, liver and bone cancer risks based on direct human data. These results will play an important role in plutonium risk assessment.

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Plutonium‐related work and cause‐specific mortality at the United States Department of Energy Hanford Site

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Solid Cancer Mortality Associated with Chronic External Radiation Exposure at the French Atomic Energy Commission and Nuclear Fuel Company

Solid Cancer Mortality Associated with Chronic External Radiation Exposure at the French Atomic Energy Commission and Nuclear Fuel Company

Age at exposure to ionising radiation and cancer mortality among Hanford workers: follow up through 1994

Lung, liver and bone cancer mortality in Mayak workers

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