Plume‐Lithosphere Interaction and Delamination at Yellowstone and Its Implications for the Boundary of Craton Stability

Shi, Yanan; Morgan, Jason Phipps

doi:10.1029/2021gl096864

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…10b, c). The NW-SE trending P-wave anomaly present in seismic images throughout the Kaapvaal lithospheric mantle is broadly similar to the SE-SW trending S-wave anomaly of the lithosphere disturbed by the Yellowstone plume (Shi and Morgan, 2022). The seismic anomaly and diamondiferous nature of the Premier lithosphere in the Paleoproterozoic suggests that the lithospheric "hole" was rapidly filled by buoyant (melt depleted) cold (with respect to asthenosphere) subducting oceanic lithospheric mantle, that would have been immediately cool enough to host diamonds (Fig.…”

Section: Constraining the Melting Pressures And Extent Of Melting Of ...mentioning

confidence: 51%

Re-healing cratonic mantle lithosphere after the world's largest igneous intrusion: Constraints from peridotites erupted by the Premier kimberlite, South Africa

Zhang

Morel

Liu

et al. 2022

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Section: Constraining the Melting Pressures And Extent Of Melting Of ...mentioning

confidence: 51%

Re-healing cratonic mantle lithosphere after the world's largest igneous intrusion: Constraints from peridotites erupted by the Premier kimberlite, South Africa

Zhang

Morel

Liu

et al. 2022

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…The lithosphere may have thermally thinned due to the heating by the GMH to its base. Alternatively, the passage over the GMH may have triggered lithospheric thinning by delamination or dripping (Hu et al., 2018; Shi & Morgan, 2022). The removed lithospheric material would then be replaced by the ascending asthenosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Permanent Uplift Due To Lithosphere‐Hotspot Interaction

Lang

Brink

2022

Tectonics

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Vertical motions that accompany the passage of the lithosphere over a mantle hotspot can shed light on the nature of the hotspot and its effect on the lithosphere. However, quantifying the temporal vertical and spatial extent, is challenging due to the paucity of evidence in the geological record. Here, we utilize dense seismic and well data covering the intersection of the Great Meteor Hotspot (GMH) track with the U.S. Atlantic continental margin to constrain the surface expression of the hotspot passage under the lithosphere. The continuous sedimentary record of the eastern North American margin during its passage over the hotspot allows determination of the timing, magnitude, width and rate of denudation. We find that a ∼300 km wide region was denuded by up to 850 m between ∼97 and 86 Ma, ∼10 m.y. after the passage of the GMH. Stratigraphic relationships suggest a decaying rock uplift rate with time and no subsequent sagging. The broad, long‐lasting, and delayed uplift was modeled as a surface manifestation of either sub‐lithospheric mantle depletion, permanently eroded base of the continental lithosphere, or intrusions of depleted magma. We consider sub‐lithospheric depletion to be the most likely cause, based on seismic imaging results.

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“…Here we have documented that mantle plumes can trigger delamination along the Mid-Lithospheric Discontinuity of ~ 100 km-thick keels of lower continental lithosphere 12 (Figs. 1 and 2).…”

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confidence: 82%

Gondwanan Flood Basalts Linked Seismically to Plume-Induced Lithosphere Delamination

Morgan

Shi

2023

Preprint

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Delamination of continental lithospheric mantle is now well-recorded beneath several continents. However, the fate of delaminated continental lithosphere has been rarely noted, unlike subducted slabs that are reasonably well imaged in the upper and mid mantle. In the western US, the combination of high resolution USArray-based seismic imaging experiments and the rapid westward motion of the North American Plate allows us to recognize delaminated lithospheric fragments 400 km beneath where the ~17 Ma Columbia River Flood Basalt event took place, and ~500-600 km beneath where the ~75 Ma Western Wyoming Craton delamination event occurred. Beneath former Gondwana, recent high resolution seismic tomographic models indicate the presence of at least 6 horizontal fast-wavespeed anomalies at ~600 km depths that do not appear to be related to slab subduction, including fast structures in locations consistent with delamination associated with the Paraná Flood Basalt event at ~134 Ma and the Deccan Traps event at ~66 Ma. These fast-wavespeed anomalies often lie above broad slow seismic wavespeed trunks at 500-700 km depths beneath former Gondwana, with the slow wavespeed anomalies branching around them. Numerical experiments indicate that delaminated subcontinental lithosphere should tend to stagnate in the mid-mantle above a mantle plume where it shapes subsequent plume upwelling. For hot plumes, the melt volume generated during plume-influenced delamination can easily reach magnitudes of ~2-4×106 km3, consistent with the basalt eruption volume at the Deccan Traps. This seismic and numerical evidence suggests that observed high wavespeed mid-mantle anomalies beneath the locations of former flood basalts are fragments of delaminated former continental lithosphere, and that lithospheric delamination events in the presence of subcontinental plumes induced several of the continental flood basalts associated with the multiple breakup stages of Gondwanaland. Continued upwelling in these plumes can also have entrained subcontinental lithosphere in the mid-mantle to bring its distinctive geochemical signal to the modern mid-ocean spreading centers that surround southern and western Africa.

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Plume‐Lithosphere Interaction and Delamination at Yellowstone and Its Implications for the Boundary of Craton Stability

Abstract: Most present-day cratons have been preserved since their formation in Archean and Proterozoic. A few have experienced lithospheric thinning and even destruction, such as the eastern North China Craton, the western Wy-

Cited by 12 publications

References 107 publications

Re-healing cratonic mantle lithosphere after the world's largest igneous intrusion: Constraints from peridotites erupted by the Premier kimberlite, South Africa

Re-healing cratonic mantle lithosphere after the world's largest igneous intrusion: Constraints from peridotites erupted by the Premier kimberlite, South Africa

Quantifying Permanent Uplift Due To Lithosphere‐Hotspot Interaction

Gondwanan Flood Basalts Linked Seismically to Plume-Induced Lithosphere Delamination

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