Plug-in Electric Vehicle Markets and Their Infrastructure Investment Policies under Fuel Economy Uncertainty

Abstract

The authors model the development of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) markets hand-inhand with the charging infrastructure for PEV users and include the market fluctuation of fuel costs. One of the driving factors for PEV buyers is the prospect of fuel cost-savings relative to the price of the PEV. Another key factor is charging station availability in the community. The decision regarding whether to purchase a PEV thus involves an investment decision under fuel economy uncertainty in the future. Policies to support the proliferation of PEVs are also affected by the economic trend of fossil fuels. This paper estimates the possible ranges of gasoline price fluctuation over the next 10 years and quantitatively analyzes these fluctuations' influence on the market growth of electric vehicles. We then aim to evaluate various public subsidy initiatives to PEV buyers and charging infrastructure enterprises.

Robust Feedback Control for the Subsidy Policy about Plug‐In Electric Vehicle Using Sliding Mode Control

“…This is a summary of the previous model [10][11][12]. This is a summary of the previous model [10][11][12].…”

“…Here, we present the EV infrastructure model. This is a summary of the previous model [10][11][12]. The derivation process is given in Appendix I.…”

“…Thus, u eq can be determined as u in Eq. (12). u sw is obtained from the deviation e (= y sv − y) from the target and its derivativeė as follows.…”

“…Models have been proposed that explicitly reflect the relationship between EVs and the charging infrastructure, and scenarios have been considered for policies to optimize market expansion processes [10][11][12]. Specifically, these models determine the proliferation dynamics with EV sales per stand treated as a main variable.…”

“…In comparison with the previous infrastructure model [ [10][11][12], the method proposed in this study has the following four features: (1) publicly-built, privately operated stands, (2) setting of an EV penetration target pattern, (3) regulation of the subsidy amount by feedback control, and (4) SMC applied to model uncertainties.…”