Pleiotropic Actions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in Dysregulated Metabolic Homeostasis, Inflammation and Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Laganà, Antonio Simone; Vitale, Salvatore Giovanni; Nigro, A.; Sofo, Vincenza; Salmeri, Francesca Maria; Rossetti, Paola; Rapisarda, Agnese Maria Chiara; Vignera, Sandro La; Condorelli, Rosita A.; Rizzo, Gianluca; Buscema, Massimo

doi:10.3390/ijms17070999

Cited by 108 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The current data do not support the theory that vitamin deficiency needs 20–30 years to be manifested [125]. Nevertheless, future studies should take into account the possibility of supplementation even in a subclinical condition, as was already done for other deficiencies [216,217], which may become overt during the time-period [218,219]. The use of multiple diagnostic markers can facilitate the correct assessment of the status and allow a more sound decision in relation to the administration plan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation

Rizzo¹,

et al. 2016

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Cobalamin is an essential molecule for humans. It acts as a cofactor in one-carbon transfers through methylation and molecular rearrangement. These functions take place in fatty acid, amino acid and nucleic acid metabolic pathways. The deficiency of vitamin B12 is clinically manifested in the blood and nervous system where the cobalamin plays a key role in cell replication and in fatty acid metabolism. Hypovitaminosis arises from inadequate absorption, from genetic defects that alter transport through the body, or from inadequate intake as a result of diet. With the growing adoption of vegetarian eating styles in Western countries, there is growing focus on whether diets that exclude animal foods are adequate. Since food availability in these countries is not a problem, and therefore plant foods are sufficiently adequate, the most delicate issue remains the contribution of cobalamin, which is poorly represented in plants. In this review, we will discuss the status of vitamin B12 among vegetarians, the diagnostic markers for the detection of cobalamin deficiency and appropriate sources for sufficient intake, through the description of the features and functions of vitamin B12 and its absorption mechanism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation

Rizzo¹,

et al. 2016

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“…The 3 different types of PPAR, PPARα, PPARβ/δ ( Ppard ), and PPARγ ( Pparg ), critically contribute to the regulation of lipid metabolism upon activation by their ligands, mainly polyunsaturated FA (25). Decreased intestinal expression of PPAR-controlled genes suggested lower intracellular levels of free FA (FFA) in L.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling Host-Microbiota Regulation of Lipid Secretion by Enterocytes: Insights from Commensals Lactobacillus paracasei and Escherichia coli

Tazi

Araújo

Mulet

et al. 2018

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The specific contribution of each bacterial species within a complex microbiota to the regulation of host lipid metabolism remains largely unknown. Using two model commensal microorganisms, L. paracasei and E. coli, we demonstrated that both bacterial species impacted host lipid metabolism in a diet-dependent manner and, notably, that L. paracasei-colonized mice but not E. coli-colonized mice resisted high-fat-diet-induced body weight gain. In addition, we set up cellular models of fatty acid absorption and secretion by enterocytes cocultured with bacteria and showed that, in vitro, both L. paracasei and E. coli inhibited lipid secretion, through increased intracellular fat storage and enhanced lipid catabolism, respectively.

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“…It is not only a major organ for the synthesis of fatty acids and lipid, but also the most productive organ for the synthesis of cholesterol. In recent years, it was also found that PPARs are closely related to energy metabolisms (lipid, glucose), cell differentiation, cell proliferation, cell death, and inflammatory response [21,22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Histopathological Characteristics Caused by Trionyx sinensis Hemorrhagic Syndrome Virus (TSHSV) and Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Liver Tissue in TSHSV-Infected Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis)

et al. 2017

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Trionyx sinensis hemorrhagic syndrome virus (TSHSV) is a pathogen that causes severe hemorrhagic syndrome and irreversible damage to different infected tissues of Pelodis cus sinensis, ending in the death of affected organisms. In the present study, the histopathological characteristics of TSHSV-infected P. sinensis were analyzed and compared by HE staining. Relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis was employed to explore the molecular pathology of liver injury. Anatomical features indicated that TSHSV caused obvious congestion in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other tissues of P. sinensis. The typical clinical symptoms included hepatomegaly, fragility, spotty and severe congestion in liver tissue, and also obvious intestinal bleeding. The histopathological studies corroborated such lesions in the liver and kidney, etc. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis revealed that there were 252 differentially expressed proteins in the liver tissue between healthy and infected P. sinensis, of which 118 proteins were upregulated and 134 proteins were downregulated. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis initially revealed the molecular mechanism of pathological changes in P. sinensis by TSHSV infection. The expression of some differentially expressed proteins was further confirmed by qRT-PCR. These results provided important information for the pathological diagnosis of TSHSV-caused disease, as well as the mechanism underlying TSHSV-caused disease.

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Pleiotropic Actions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in Dysregulated Metabolic Homeostasis, Inflammation and Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Cited by 108 publications

References 57 publications

Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation

Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation

Disentangling Host-Microbiota Regulation of Lipid Secretion by Enterocytes: Insights from Commensals Lactobacillus paracasei and Escherichia coli

The Histopathological Characteristics Caused by <b><i>Trionyx sinensis</i></b> Hemorrhagic Syndrome Virus (TSHSV) and Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Liver Tissue in TSHSV-Infected Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (<b><i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i></b>)

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