The Histopathological Characteristics Caused by <b><i>Trionyx sinensis</i></b> Hemorrhagic Syndrome Virus (TSHSV) and Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Liver Tissue in TSHSV-Infected Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (<b><i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i></b>)

Abstract

Trionyx sinensis hemorrhagic syndrome virus (TSHSV) is a pathogen that causes severe hemorrhagic syndrome and irreversible damage to different infected tissues of Pelodis cus sinensis, ending in the death of affected organisms. In the present study, the histopathological characteristics of TSHSV-infected P. sinensis were analyzed and compared by HE staining. Relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis was employed to explore the molecular pathology of liver injury. Anatomical features indicated that TSHSV caused obvious congestion in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other tissues of P. sinensis. The typical clinical symptoms included hepatomegaly, fragility, spotty and severe congestion in liver tissue, and also obvious intestinal bleeding. The histopathological studies corroborated such lesions in the liver and kidney, etc. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis revealed that there were 252 differentially expressed proteins in the liver tissue between healthy and infected P. sinensis, of which 118 proteins were upregulated and 134 proteins were downregulated. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis initially revealed the molecular mechanism of pathological changes in P. sinensis by TSHSV infection. The expression of some differentially expressed proteins was further confirmed by qRT-PCR. These results provided important information for the pathological diagnosis of TSHSV-caused disease, as well as the mechanism underlying TSHSV-caused disease.

Nidoviruses in Reptiles: A Review

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Avaliação de toxicidade de biopesticida comercial à base de Bacillus thuringiensis em tilapia-do-Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus

“…A concentração utilizada neste estudo não ocasionou toxicidade em O. niloticus, embora, alguns estudos demonstram que este agente biológico pode alterar funções biológicas importantes dos vertebrados (Shaban et al, 2003;Chen et al, 2014;Mariano et al, 2019). No entanto, é necessário considerar a influência da forma de exposição do organismo ao agente, seja às protoxinas, às toxinas ativas, à bactéria ou aos esporos.…”

“…De acordo com Villaverde et al (2014), alguns biopesticidas à base de Bt possuem um espectro relativamente amplo de organismos alvo. Ainda, alguns estudos apontam o Bt como agente nocivo a organismos não alvos como tartarugas (Chen et al, 2014) e peixes (Omoya & Akharaiyi, 2015;Mariano et al, 2019).…”

Complete genome sequence and analysis of a new lethal arterivirus, Trionyx sinensis hemorrhagic syndrome virus (TSHSV), amplified from an infected Chinese softshell turtle

“…When compared with previously discovered T. sinensis viruses, TSHSV appears to be more virulent, causing high mortality both in the wild and in captivity [5]. TSHSVinfected turtles display typical characteristics, namely breathing difficulty, interstitial pneumonia, and hyperemic laryngeal mucosa in the throat [13,14]. An artificial infection experiment has demonstrated that TSHSV-infected turtles are seriously hemorrhagic in multiple organs, including liver, kidney and intestine [13].…”