“…Policy and legislative documents resulting from the Olympic bid's work made explicit comparisons between Toronto and other-international cities, such as London, Barcelona, Baltimore, and New York, which were said to be "reaping the benefits" (Moloney and DeMara, 1999) of their own waterfront development initiatives. While many of these cities have experienced negative social, environmental, and economic impacts resulting from these projects (Basset et aI., 2002;Florio and Brownill, 2000;Moulaert et aI., 2003;Sandercock and Dovey, 2002;Swyngedouw et aI., 2002), the economic benefits to business, the catalytic 'sparking' of external investment, the improvement of urban aesthetics, the luring of well-heeled tourist dollars, and the construction of a cosmopolitan, vibrant, and urbane aura that were said to have arisen from their reconfigured waterfronts were lauded as models for Toronto and proclaimed as the ultimate answer to Toronto's longstanding waterfront problem. Toronto was to reconfigure itself into an entrepreneurial entity by building "the greatest waterfront in the world" (City of Toronto, 2000b) using a development model based on speculative investment in green infrastructure.…”