“…Studies which found that risk aversion decreases in surrogate decisions, in the psychology literature, used hypothetical decisions for a friend ( Beisswanger et al, 2003 ; Stone & Allgaier, 2008 ; Stone et al, 2013 ; Wray & Stone, 2005 ) or for a stranger ( Ziegler & Tunney, 2015 ), and in the economic literature used real decisions for a stranger ( Chakravarty et al, 2011 ; Kvaløy et al, 2014 ; Mengarelli et al, 2014 ; Polman, 2012 ; Pollmann et al., 2014 ). Studies which found that risk aversion increases in surrogate decisions used real decisions for a stranger ( Kvaløy et al, 2014 ), for the participant and a stranger ( Pahlke, Strasser, & Vieider, 2015 ), or for a group ( Reynolds et al, 2011 ). Studies which found an absence of difference used hypothetical decisions for a friend ( Benjamin & Robbins, 2007 ; Stone et al, 2002 ) or real decisions for a stranger ( Stone et al, 2002 ).…”