Playboy Playmate Curves: Changes in Facial and Body Feature Preferences Across Social and Economic Conditions

Pettijohn, Terry F.; Jungeberg, Brian J.

doi:10.1177/0146167204264078

Cited by 124 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…More recently, a series of studies showed that men's preferences for women's weight depended on whether they felt hungry [34]–[35]. The direction of these effects was also consistent with the Environmental Security Hypothesis, such that men with fewer resources (less money or food) preferred heavier women [36]. However, the results described above are not very consistent and, moreover, cultural variation in social norms, ideologies, and lifestyle may cause additional variation in men's preferences for women's weight [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Preference for Women's Body Mass and Waist-to-Hip Ratio in Tsimane' Men of the Bolivian Amazon: Biological and Cultural Determinants

et al. 2014

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The issue of cultural universality of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) attractiveness in women is currently under debate. We tested men's preferences for female WHR in traditional society of Tsimane'(Native Amazonians) of the Bolivian rainforest (N = 66). Previous studies showed preferences for high WHR in traditional populations, but they did not control for the women's body mass.We used a method of stimulus creation that enabled us to overcome this problem. We found that WHR lower than the average WHR in the population is preferred independent of cultural conditions. Our participants preferred the silhouettes of low WHR, but high body mass index (BMI), which might suggest that previous results could be an artifact related to employed stimuli. We found also that preferences for female BMI are changeable and depend on environmental conditions and probably acculturation (distance from the city). Interestingly, the Tsimane' men did not associate female WHR with age, health, physical strength or fertility. This suggests that men do not have to be aware of the benefits associated with certain body proportions - an issue that requires further investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Preference for Women's Body Mass and Waist-to-Hip Ratio in Tsimane' Men of the Bolivian Amazon: Biological and Cultural Determinants

et al. 2014

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“…In some studies, the faces represented were of beauty contest competitors [CUNNINGHAM 1986], models [JONES 1995, NGUYEN and TURLEY 1998, PETTIJOHN and JUNGEBERG 2004, YEHEZKEL and TURLEY 2004, and actresses [FERRARIO et al 1995, PETTIJOHN andTESSER 1999], or in works of art [COSTA and CORAZZA 2006]. The judges were sometimes orthodontists or maxillofacial surgeons (e.g., MAPLE et al [2005]), or pedophiles and rapists [MARCUS and CUNNINGHAM 2003].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial attractiveness: General patterns of facial preferences

Kościński

2007

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This review covers universal patterns in facial preferences. Facial attractiveness has fascinated thinkers since antiquity, but has been the subject of intense scientific study for only the last quarter of a century. Many facial features contribute to facial attractiveness: Averageness and symmetry are preferred by males and females, probably because they signal genetic quality and developmental stability. Men prefer highly feminized female faces because they reflect high estrogen levels and low testosterone levels. This indicates that the woman is reproductively healthy. Women, on the other hand, prefer a moderate level of male facial masculinity, since facial masculinity that is too pronounced signals high level of testosterone and, thereby, a poorly developed pro-family personality. In women, facial hair is detrimental to facial attractiveness. In men, the effect is not consistent. Faces with a clear complexion are attractive to both men and women. Men prefer light and smooth skin in women. Positive facial expressions also enhance facial attractiveness. Many factors, in particular skin condition and facial proportions, affect perceived age, which is an important component of facial attractiveness. Men in particular strongly prefer youthful-looking female faces. Facial preferences enable an individual to recognize reproductively fit mates. Therefore, facial preferences are adaptive, although non-adaptive mechanisms related to general brain function also play a role. KEY WORDS: physical attractiveness, facial esthetics, human face, beauty Everything is in the face CiceroFacial attractiveness is something that is intuitively perceived rather than measurable with instruments. Until recently, facial attractiveness was more a subject of interest for artists and philosophers than for scientists. However, physical attractiveness has proven to have such serious interpersonal and social consequences that science cannot exclude it from its realm of study. Moreover, scientific research on physical attractiveness is justified because it is connected to the

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“…However, when social and economic times are prosperous, people prefer others with more neotenous characteristics, such as larger eyes, smaller chins, rounder faces, and smaller body builds. Pettijohn and his colleagues found these patterns with regard to American movie actresses (Pettijohn & Tesser, 1999), Playboy Playmates (Pettijohn & Jungeberg, 2004) and in the laboratory where male and female participants showed a preference to work with a female partner who had smaller eyes over a partner with larger eyes in high threat conditions (Pettijohn & Tesser, 2005). The facial feature preferences for males, however, have been more variable and less systematic (Pettijohn & Tesser, 2003).…”

Section: Environmental Conditions and Musician Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Tough times, meaningful music, mature performers: popular Billboard songs and performer preferences across social and economic conditions in the USA

Pettijohn

Sacco

2009

Psychology of Music

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A B S T R AC T The Billboard number 1 songs for each year from 1955 to 2003 were investigated across changes in US social and economic conditions. Study 1 investigated song characteristics and ratings and found that when social and economic times were relatively threatening, songs that were longer in duration, more meaningful in content, more comforting, more romantic, and slower were most popular. Study 2 explored popular performer facial feature characteristics and found that performers with more mature facial features, including smaller eyes, thinner faces, and larger chins, were popular during relatively threatening social and economic conditions. These facial feature preferences were more pronounced with the onset of music television in the 1980s. Results of the two studies are explained within the context of the Environmental Security Hypothesis. K E Y W O R D S : Billboard charts, music preferences, Environmental Security Hypothesis, facial features, performer characteristicsTough times demand tough talk, demand tough hearts, demand tough songs. (Neil Peart and Pye Dubois of the band Rush, 'Force Ten ', 1987) Whether driving in the car, performing household chores, shopping at the grocery store, exercising at the gym, eating dinner at a restaurant, or waiting in a doctor's office, music is present. Music is the central attraction in a wide host of social institutions, such as parties, weddings, and holiday celebrations. College students around the world walk from class to class listening to their latest music downloads on their iPods, cell phones, and other mp3 devices. According to Media Info Center (2005), adults over the age of 18 spend an average of nearly 21 hours a week listening to the radio. As culturally pervasive as music is, one aspect of music that has only recently become a focus of social psychological research explores what kind of information Psychology of Music Psychology of Music

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Playboy Playmate Curves: Changes in Facial and Body Feature Preferences Across Social and Economic Conditions

Cited by 124 publications

References 55 publications

Preference for Women's Body Mass and Waist-to-Hip Ratio in Tsimane' Men of the Bolivian Amazon: Biological and Cultural Determinants

Preference for Women's Body Mass and Waist-to-Hip Ratio in Tsimane' Men of the Bolivian Amazon: Biological and Cultural Determinants

Facial attractiveness: General patterns of facial preferences

Tough times, meaningful music, mature performers: popular Billboard songs and performer preferences across social and economic conditions in the USA

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