Platinum Black Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Based Electrodes Revisited

Krishnan, Lakshmi; Morris, Steven E.; Eisman, Glenn A.

doi:10.1149/1.2945231

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(29 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although thin film fabrication techniques have been used to generate high surface area platinum electrodes [29, 30, 36], electroplating on platinum foil was used in this study as it was more amenable to our fabrication techniques. Our electrode fabrication procedure includes heating and compression of the electrode assembly [17], and therefore, it was necessary to use a process that could be applied after the electrode was fabricated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of high capacitance electrodes for the application of direct current electrical nerve block

Vrabec

Bhadra

Wainright

et al. 2015

Med Biol Eng Comput

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Direct current (DC) can briefly produce a reversible nerve conduction block in acute experiments. However, irreversible reactions at the electrode–tissue interface have prevented its use in both acute and chronic settings. A high capacitance material (platinum black) using a charge-balanced waveform was evaluated to determine whether brief DC block (13 s) could be achieved repeatedly (>100 cycles) without causing acute irreversible reduction in nerve conduction. Electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the electrodes to determine appropriate waveform parameters. In vivo experiments on DC motor conduction block of the rat sciatic nerve were performed to characterize the acute neural response to this novel nerve block system. Complete nerve motor conduction block of the rat sciatic nerve was possible in all experiments, with the block threshold ranging from −0.15 to −3.0 mA. DC pulses were applied for 100 cycles with no nerve conduction reduction in four of the six platinum black electrodes tested. However, two of the six electrodes exhibited irreversible conduction degradation despite charge delivery that was within the initial Q (capacitance) value of the electrode. Degradation of material properties occurred in all experiments, pointing to a possible cause of the reduction in nerve conduction in some platinum black experiments.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of high capacitance electrodes for the application of direct current electrical nerve block

Vrabec

Bhadra

Wainright

et al. 2015

Med Biol Eng Comput

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Anode ͑counter͒ electrodes were TB-PBE with 1 mg/cm 2 Pt and were prepared following the procedure described in Ref. 5. To facilitate electrode/electrolyte interfacial contact, a 15 wt % dispersion of Nafion in water, isopropanol, and methanol ͑Ion Power Liquion LQ-1115͒ was applied to the surface of the electrodes before bonding to the membrane.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 The iR correction for the voltage, ranging from 0.15 to 0.30 ⍀ cm 2 , was obtained from the slope of the linear polarization curve of the cell in hydrogen pumping mode, as described in Ref. 5. Electrochemical surface area ͑ECSA͒ measurements were performed via cyclic voltammetry ͑CV͒ with a Parstat 2273 ͑Princeton Applied Research͒ under humidified N 2 at 70°C and a scan rate of 20 mV/s.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 Further optimization and the addition of ionomer to the electrode surface resulted in the reduction of TBPBE loading to below w = 1 mg/cm 2 without significant performance loss. 5 Current fuel cell technology mostly employs ionomer-bonded thin-film electrodes with 2-5 nm wide Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon ͑designated Pt/C͒, with typical w = 0.4 mg/cm 2 . However, the carbon support also introduces some challenges, including reduced operating lifetimes due to carbon corrosion, 6 peroxide attack of the membrane, 7 and sintering and growth of the Pt particles over time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sputter-Deposited Pt PEM Fuel Cell Electrodes: Particles vs Layers

Gasda

Teki

et al. 2009

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Platinum catalyst layers with Pt loadings w = 0.05-0.40 mg/cm 2 were deposited by magnetron sputtering from a variable deposition angle ␣ onto gas diffusion layer ͑GDL͒ substrates and tested as cathode electrodes in proton exchange membrane ͑PEM͒ fuel cells using Nafion 1135 membranes and Teflon-bonded Pt-black electrode ͑TBPBE͒ anodes. Layers deposited at normal incidence ͑␣ = 0°͒ are continuous and approximately replicate the rough surface morphology of the underlying GDL. In contrast, glancing angle deposition ͑GLAD͒ with ␣ = 87°and continuous substrate rotation yields highly porous layers consisting of vertically oriented Pt particles, 100-500 nm high and 100-300 nm wide, that are separated by 20-100 nm. The particle electrodes exhibit a higher ͑lower͒ mass-specific performance than the continuous-layer electrodes for a high ͑low͒ current density i. This is attributed to a higher porosity but lower overall electrochemically active surface area for the particles compared to the continuous layer. Increasing w in particle cells from 0.05 to 0.10 to 0.18 mg/cm 2 yields increasing potentials, but w = 0.40 mg/cm 2 causes a voltage drop at i Ͼ 0.4 A/cm 2 , associated with the reduced pore density at large w. Comparison cells with a TBPBE cathode exhibit comparatively low Tafel slopes but a lower Pt mass specific performance than the sputtered catalysts. Quantitative analyses of kinetic and mass-transport losses in the polarization curves suggest a competing microstructural effect, favoring mass-transport performance and an efficient oxygen reduction reaction for particle and continuous layer electrodes, respectively. The overall results suggest that in addition to the well-known promise of sputter-deposited Pt catalysts as an approach to increase Pt utilization at low loading, GLAD provides the unique ability to control Pt porosity and to achieve efficient reactant flow for high-currentdensity operation.

show abstract

“…11,12 To deposit Pt black on the Pt film electrode, 1 g of hexachloroplatinic (IV) acid (H 2 ½PtCl 6 ) was dissolved in 100 mL of deionized water with 0.1 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid used as a plating solution. A three-electrode setup was used, in which the working electrode was a Pt film with respect to that of the RE.…”

Section: Preparation Of the Pt Black Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Phonon-assisted near-field activation of electron transfer

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. An optical near field should promote phonon-assisted multiple excitation in nanoscale structures. With the phonon-assisted process, greater catalytic activity is expected without heating. To confirm this effect, photo-induced current generation using platinum black electrodes in ferricyanide solution (an absorption band-edge wavelength of 470 nm) under visible light irradiation continuous wave [(CW), λ ¼ 532 nm] was observed. Higher order dependence of the generated current density on the incident light power was observed, indicating two-step activation of electron transfer, which originated from the phonon-assisted near-field effect on the nanostructured surface of the electrode.

show abstract

Platinum Black Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Based Electrodes Revisited

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Characterization of high capacitance electrodes for the application of direct current electrical nerve block

Characterization of high capacitance electrodes for the application of direct current electrical nerve block

Sputter-Deposited Pt PEM Fuel Cell Electrodes: Particles vs Layers

Phonon-assisted near-field activation of electron transfer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About