Platelet Rich Plasma to Facilitate Wound Healing Following Tooth Extraction

Abstract

Following tooth removal bone formation normally takes 16 weeks and may result in less than adequate volume for the necessary reconstruction. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been promoted as an effective method for improving bone formation. Its use is often expensive, time consuming, or not clinically convenient for the patient and/or clinician. This study examines a simple method for obtaining a "Buffy Coat"-PRP (BC-PRP) and its effect on bone healing following the removal of bilateral mandibular 3rd molars. Subtraction digital radiography and CT scan analysis were used to track changes in radiographic density at PRP treated sites in comparison to ipsilateral non-PRP treated sites. PRP treated sites demonstrated early and significant increased radiographic density over baseline measurements following tooth removal. The greatest benefit of PRP is during the initial 2-week postoperative healing time period (P < .001). During weeks 3 though 12, BC-PRP treatment resulted in significant (P < .0001) increases in bone density compared to control, but there was no significant interaction between time and treatment (P > .05). For the entire time period (0-25 weeks) PRP treatment was significant (P < .0001) and time was significant (P < .0001) but there was no significant interaction (P > .05) between the effect of PRP treatment and time. It required 6 weeks for control extraction sites to reach comparable bone density that PRP treated sites achieved at week 1. Postoperative pain, bleeding, and numbness were not significantly affected by BC-PRP application. Results suggest that this simple technique may be of value to clinicians performing oral surgery by facilitating bone regeneration following tooth extraction.

Effects of washed platelets vs platelet-rich plasma on the proliferation and mineralization of rat dental pulp cells

“…It has been reported that PRP has been widely used in various fields such as the promotion of osseous tissue regeneration, trauma repair, periodontium regeneration, and the promotion of dental implant healing (Rutkowski et al, 2010). The primary advantages of the clinical use of autologous PRP include the following: blood platelets contain a high amount of various growth factors that promote the repair and regeneration of organisms and tissues, and PRP is autologous and therefore exhibits reliable biological safety (Albanese et al, 2013;Hata et al, 2013).…”

Clinical Evaluation of Use of Platelet Rich Plasma in Bone Healing

“…Some investigators have reported significant improvements in tissue healing and bone formation using PRP [1,4,7,8,11,12,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] whereas others did not observe improvements [2,5,13,14,[32][33][34][35][36]. Some have given no conclusion regarding effect of PRP application in maxillofacial region than periodontal defects [37].…”

“…There are studies that used different materials for activation of platelets before insertion of PRP in surgical defect. Some have used 10 % CaCl 2 alone [2,12,14,15,18,25,29] as we have used. Anitua was the first who began the trend of using only CaCl 2 .…”

The Clinical Application Of Platelet Concentrates: A Systematic Meta-analysis

“…44 In parallel, PRP placed in extraction sockets have reported early and improved bone formation. 17,22 Tallying up to the various benefits, review has further articled the impact of PRP over soft tissue grafts. Coherent property of PRP helps stabilize the graft over the root surface and on completion of suturing technique.…”