Platelet aggregation, eicosanoid production and thrombogenic ratio in individuals at high cardiovascular risk consuming meat enriched in walnut paste. A crossover, placebo-controlled study

Abstract

Walnut consumption produces beneficial cardiovascular effects. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of meat enriched in walnut paste (WM) and low-fat meat (LM) consumptions on platelet aggregation, plasma thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 , measured as TXB 2 ), prostacyclin I 2 (PGI 2 , as 6-keto-PGF 1a ) and the thrombogenic ratio (TXB 2 /6-keto-PGF 1a ) in volunteers at high CVD risk. Twenty-two adults were placed on a random, non-blinded crossover study involving two test periods (five portions WM/week for 5 week; five portions LM/week for 5 week) separated by a 4-to 6-week washout period. The participants were asked to complete a diet record throughout the study. Platelet aggregation, plasma TXB 2 , 6-keto-PGF 1a production and the TXB 2 /6-keto-PGF 1 a ratio were determined at baseline and at weeks 3 and 5 for the two dietary periods. The WM diet contains a lower SFA content, a higher concentration of PUFA and a more favourable n-6/n-3 ratio than the LM diet. Significant time £ treatment interactions were observed for TXB 2 (P¼0·048) and the TXB 2 /6-keto-PGF 1 a ratio (P¼ 0·028). The WM diet significantly increased the level of 6-keto-PGF 1 a (P¼ 0·037) and decreased the TXB 2 /6-keto-PGF 1 a ratio (P¼ 0·048). At week 5, significant differences (P, 0·05) between treatments were found for maximum aggregation rate, TXB 2 values and the TXB 2 /6-keto-PGF 1 a ratio. The effects on TXB 2 and the TXB 2 /6-keto-PGF 1 a ratio were time-course dependent (P¼0·019 and 0·011, respectively). The WM and LM diets reduced TXB 2 levels most (P¼ 0·050) in obese individuals, while the TXB 2 /6-keto-PGF 1 a ratio decreased most (P¼0·066) in volunteers whose serum cholesterol levels were $2200 mg/l. The WM diet should be considered a functional meat because it improves the thrombogenic status mainly in individuals with high-cholesterol levels or high BMI.Meat enriched in walnut paste: Low-fat meat: Platelet aggregation: Prostacyclin: Thromboxane: Thrombogenic ratio: Functional food

Coagulation, Thrombogenesis, and Insulin Resistance Markers in Increased-Cardiovascular-Risk Subjects Consuming Improved-Fat Meat Products

“…To the best of our knowledge, there have been very few studies [28][29][30], other than those of our group [22], on n-3-enriched meat-products on eicosanoids and blood coagulation factors.…”

Effect of walnut-enriched meat on the relationship between VCAM, ICAM, and LTB4 levels and PON-1 activity in ApoA4 360 and PON-1 allele carriers at increased cardiovascular risk

“…Our group found that walnut paste-enriched meat improved the antioxidant status of individuals at increased CHD risk (Canales et al, , 2009Nus et al, 2007). The walnut paste-enriched meat lowered platelet aggregation and thromboxane B 2 levels, and the thromboxane B 2 /prostacyclin (6-keto-PF 1a ) ratio to a greater degree than low fat meat (LM) (Canales et al, 2009). Moreover, thrombogenic index values varied due to interaction between consumption of walnut paste-enriched meat and LM and apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) 360 gene polymorphisms (Canales et al, 2010), and variations in antioxidant enzyme concentrations and PON-1 gene polymorphism levels were also detected (Jiménez-Colmenero et al, 2010).…”

“…Study participants were strongly requested not to include any other meats or meat derivatives in their diet during the trials. Basal anthropometrical characteristics of the volunteers have previously been published (Canales et al, 2009).…”

“…However, whether PON-1 acts as an antioxidant by increasing its activity, modifying HDL composition or acting as a suicide enzyme has not yet been determined (Durrington et al, 2001;Canales and Sánchez-Muniz, 2003). Our group found that walnut paste-enriched meat improved the antioxidant status of individuals at increased CHD risk (Canales et al, , 2009Nus et al, 2007). The walnut paste-enriched meat lowered platelet aggregation and thromboxane B 2 levels, and the thromboxane B 2 /prostacyclin (6-keto-PF 1a ) ratio to a greater degree than low fat meat (LM) (Canales et al, 2009).…”

Effects of improved fat meat products consumption on emergent cardiovascular disease markers of male volunteers at cardiovascular risk

“…It has been suggested to reduce meat-products consumption on account of epidemiological evidences linking meat consumption with increased prevalence of degenerative diseases [16]. However, several studies have shown the benefits of frequent consumption of meat and optimized meat and meat-products in different populations [10,30,31]. Our group has demonstrated that the consumption of pâtés and frankfurters with optimized fat content decreased waist circumference, body fat mass and the waist/hip ratio in male at increased risk volunteers [15] and improved cholesterol transported by low density lipoproteins (LDLc) and lipoprotein ratios in a sample of male and female volunteers [17].…”