Plastron Respiration Using Commercial Fabrics

Atherton, Shaun; Brennan, Joseph C; Morris, Robert H.; Smith, Joshua D.; Hamlett, Christopher; McHale, Glen; Shirtcliffe, Neil; Newton, Michael I.

doi:10.3390/ma7010484

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Confocal microscopy has been used to find the thickness of plastron layers 25,34 and the coverage of the plastron air layer 35 . By focusing on the substrate, the reflective air-water interface and the top of the features the height of features on the sample can be measured whilst at the same time measuring the thickness of the plastron that is retained between features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the drag reducing effect of hydrophobized sand on cylinders

Brennan

Fairhurst

Morris

et al. 2014

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University's research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html This document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher's website (a subscription may be required.) compared to the same sample in the Wenzel state for flows with Reynolds numbers of 10,000 to 40,000. These drag reduction results, in combination with confocal microscopy images of the plastron air layer and feature height, show that the thickness of the plastron and the protrusion height of the features combine to give a drag reduction or drag increase depending on the ratio of the two.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the drag reducing effect of hydrophobized sand on cylinders

Brennan

Fairhurst

Morris

et al. 2014

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…Although high porosity is a hallmark of ePTFE materials, other forms of PTFE can also have significant porosity. As alluded to above, in at least some cases PTFE tape manufactured for thread sealing has been found to have a maximum pore size (14.8 μm 2 ; thickness 0.07 mm with pores 10.1% of the surface area) greater than that of Gore-Tex sheets (12.0 μm 2 ; thickness 0.29 mm with pores 6.2% of the surface area) . In contrast, bulk PTFE is a solid matrix with a regular surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As alluded to above, in at least some cases PTFE tape manufactured for thread sealing has been found to have a maximum pore size (14.8 μm 2 ; thickness 0.07 mm with pores 10.1% of the surface area) greater than that of Gore-Tex sheets (12.0 μm 2 ; thickness 0.29 mm with pores 6.2% of the surface area). 65 In contrast, bulk PTFE is a solid matrix with a regular surface. Although it is commonly regarded as nonporous, it remains permeable to some chemicals as described below.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling and Delivery of Homogeneous Fluorous Rhodium Catalysts Using Poly(tetrafluoroethylene): “Catalyst-on-a-Tape”

Dinh

Jurisch

Fiedler

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The red−orange fluorous rhodium(I) complexes ClRh(P((CH 2 ) m R fn ) 3 ) 3 (m/n = 2/6 (1a), 2/8, 3/6, 3/ 10; R fn = (CF 2 ) n−1 CF 3 ) are essentially insoluble in organic solvents at 20 °C but have measurable solubilities in dibutyl ether at 55−65 °C. Under these conditions, they are effective catalyst precursors for the hydrosilylation of cyclohexanone by PhMe 2 SiH. Upon cooling, the catalyst rest states precipitate, giving colorless solutions of C 6 H 11 OSiPhMe 2 . When this sequence is conducted in the presence of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE; Teflon) tape, the catalysts precipitate onto the tape but desorb when used in subsequent cycles. The catalyst precursors can also be precoated onto the tape, allowing quantities to be delivered by length instead of mass. Rate measurements (1a) show an induction period in the first cycle, excellent retention of activity in the second and third cycles, and significant activity loss in the fourth. Rhodium leaching is 0.57% and 5.3% for the first two cycles (atomic absorption spectroscopy inductively coupled plasma analysis); (CF 2 ) 5 CF 3 leaching is 11.4% over the first three cycles ( 19 F NMR). Reactions with added mercury show that metallic rhodium is not responsible for catalysis. Identical protocols are applied to 2-octanone, acetophenone, and benzophenone, albeit with some activity loss in the third cycle. Other forms of PTFE can be similarly employed (e.g., Gore-Tex membrane). However, fluorous/organic liquid/ liquid biphase conditions can give better retention of catalyst activity. Nonetheless, the diverse morphologies of PTFE that are commercially available suggest avenues for further optimization.

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confidence: 99%

“…Previously, confocal microscopy has been used to quantify the thickness of plastron air layers on superhydrophobic surfaces 26 40 . Confocal microscopy has also been used to take images of the coverage of the plastron layer on the superhydrophobic surfaces 40 . Confocal microscopes are able to measure the thickness of a plastron layer by focusing on the substrate, the reflection that occurs at the gas-liquid interface and on the top of the roughness features.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible conformable hydrophobized surfaces for turbulent flow drag reduction

Brennan

Geraldi

Morris

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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In recent years extensive work has been focused onto using superhydrophobic surfaces for drag reduction applications. Superhydrophobic surfaces retain a gas layer, called a plastron, when submerged underwater in the Cassie-Baxter state with water in contact with the tops of surface roughness features. In this state the plastron allows slip to occur across the surface which results in a drag reduction. In this work we report flexible and relatively large area superhydrophobic surfaces produced using two different methods: Large roughness features were created by electrodeposition on copper meshes; Small roughness features were created by embedding carbon nanoparticles (soot) into Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Both samples were made into cylinders with a diameter under 12 mm. To characterize the samples, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and confocal microscope images were taken. The confocal microscope images were taken with each sample submerged in water to show the extent of the plastron. The hydrophobized electrodeposited copper mesh cylinders showed drag reductions of up to 32% when comparing the superhydrophobic state with a wetted out state. The soot covered cylinders achieved a 30% drag reduction when comparing the superhydrophobic state to a plain cylinder. These results were obtained for turbulent flows with Reynolds numbers 10,000 to 32,500.

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Plastron Respiration Using Commercial Fabrics

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Investigation of the drag reducing effect of hydrophobized sand on cylinders

Investigation of the drag reducing effect of hydrophobized sand on cylinders

Recycling and Delivery of Homogeneous Fluorous Rhodium Catalysts Using Poly(tetrafluoroethylene): “Catalyst-on-a-Tape”

Flexible conformable hydrophobized surfaces for turbulent flow drag reduction

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