Plastid DNA — The Plastome

Herrmann, Reinhold G.; Possingham, J. V.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-38255-3_3

Cited by 78 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…In metazoans, nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibility has been explained by disrupted interactions of organellar and nucleus-encoded subunits of respiratory membrane complexes (Blier et al, 2001;Rawson and Burton, 2002). In plants, it has been speculated that the failure to properly assemble plastid proteases (Babiychuk et al, 1995) or photosynthetic complexes (Herrmann and Possingham, 1980;Zubko et al, 2001) marks an initial molecular event in the development of nuclearplastidial incompatibility. In the case of Ab(Nt) cybrids, we previously suspected that the failure to assemble a functional PEP is responsible for the albino phenotype (Herrmann et al, 2003).…”

Section: Albinism In Ab(nt) Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment Deficiency in Nightshade/Tobacco Cybrids Is Caused by the Failure to Edit the Plastid ATPase α-Subunit mRNA

et al. 2005

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The subgenomes of the plant cell, the nuclear genome, the plastome, and the chondriome are known to interact through various types of coevolving macromolecules. The combination of the organellar genome from one species with the nuclear genome of another species often leads to plants with deleterious phenotypes, demonstrating that plant subgenomes coevolve. The molecular mechanisms behind this nuclear-organellar incompatibility have been elusive, even though the phenomenon is widespread and has been known for >70 years. Here, we show by direct and reverse genetic approaches that the albino phenotype of a flowering plant with the nuclear genome of Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) and the plastome of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) develops as a result of a defect in RNA editing of a tobacco-specific editing site in the plastid ATPase a-subunit transcript. A plastome-wide analysis of RNA editing in these cytoplasmic hybrids and in plants with a tobacco nucleus and nightshade chloroplasts revealed additional defects in the editing of species-specific editing sites, suggesting that differences in RNA editing patterns in general contribute to the pigment deficiencies observed in interspecific nuclear-plastidial incompatibilities.

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Section: Albinism In Ab(nt) Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment Deficiency in Nightshade/Tobacco Cybrids Is Caused by the Failure to Edit the Plastid ATPase α-Subunit mRNA

et al. 2005

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“…During development, the ratio of nuclear to organelle genomes appears to be relatively stringently regulated (Herrmann and Possingham, 1980;Rauwolf et al, 2010). Disregarding greatly varying absolute values (summarized in Rauwolf et al, 2010;Liere and Bö rner, 2013), there is little dispute that the number of plastid genomes and nucleoids per organelle and cell increase during early leaf development in higher plants (Kowallik and Herrmann, 1972;Selldé n and Leech, 1981;Baumgartner et al, 1989;Fujie et al, 1994;Li et al, 2006;Rauwolf et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Chloroplast DNA in Mature and Senescing Leaves: A Reappraisal

et al. 2014

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The fate of plastid DNA (ptDNA) during leaf development has become a matter of contention. Reports on little change in ptDNA copy number per cell contrast with claims of complete or nearly complete DNA loss already in mature leaves. We employed highresolution fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, semithin sectioning of leaf tissue, and real-time quantitative PCR to study structural and quantitative aspects of ptDNA during leaf development in four higher plant species (Arabidopsis thaliana, sugar beet [Beta vulgaris], tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum], and maize [Zea mays]) for which controversial findings have been reported. Our data demonstrate the retention of substantial amounts of ptDNA in mesophyll cells until leaf necrosis. In ageing and senescent leaves of Arabidopsis, tobacco, and maize, ptDNA amounts remain largely unchanged and nucleoids visible, in spite of marked structural changes during chloroplast-to-gerontoplast transition. This excludes the possibility that ptDNA degradation triggers senescence. In senescent sugar beet leaves, reduction of ptDNA per cell to ;30% was observed reflecting primarily a decrease in plastid number per cell rather than a decline in DNA per organelle, as reported previously. Our findings are at variance with reports claiming loss of ptDNA at or after leaf maturation.

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“…In all Chlorophyta studied to date, the ctDNA is arranged (15,21) in nucleoidal packets dispersed throughout the organelle. Each nucleoidal packet contains many unit chromosome sets (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each nucleoidal packet contains many unit chromosome sets (21). Although some members (15) of the Chromophyta also have this nucleoidal arrangement, those Chromophyta in which girdle lamella are present within the plastid have been shown (15) to contain a single ring-shaped nucleoid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Chloroplast DNA from the Marine Chromophyte, Olisthodiscus luteus: Electron Microscopic Visualization of Isomeric Molecular Forms

Aldrich¹,

Cattolico²

1981

Plant Physiol.

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Chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) from the marine chromophytic alga, Olisthodiscus luteus, has been isolated using a whole cel lysis method folowed by CsCI-Hoechst 33258 dye gradient centrifugation. This DNA, which has a buoyant density of 1.691 grams per cubic centimeter was identified as plastidic in origin by enrichment experiments. Inclusion of the nuclease inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid in all lysis buffers was mandatory for isolation of high molecular weight DNA. Long linear molecules (40 to 48 micrometers) with considerable internal organization comprised the majority of the ctDNA isolated, whereas supertwisted ctDNA and open circular molecules averaging 46 micrometers were occasionally present. Also observed in this study were folded ctDNA molecules with electron dense centers ("rosettes") and plastid DNA molecules which have a tightly wound "key-ring" center. The ctDNA of Olisthodiscus has a contour length that is median to the size range reported for chiorophytic plants.A minor component of the total celular DNA, which originates from a DNase insensitive cellular structure, has a buoyant density of 1.694 grams per cubic centimeter. This DNA consists predominantly oflinear molecules, but open circles 11.5 micrometers in length and rare 22-micrometer dimers were also present.This study represents the first analysis of the extranuclear DNA of a chromophytic alga.

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Plastid DNA — The Plastome

Cited by 78 publications

References 187 publications

Pigment Deficiency in Nightshade/Tobacco Cybrids Is Caused by the Failure to Edit the Plastid ATPase α-Subunit mRNA

Pigment Deficiency in Nightshade/Tobacco Cybrids Is Caused by the Failure to Edit the Plastid ATPase α-Subunit mRNA

Chloroplast DNA in Mature and Senescing Leaves: A Reappraisal

Isolation and Characterization of Chloroplast DNA from the Marine Chromophyte, Olisthodiscus luteus: Electron Microscopic Visualization of Isomeric Molecular Forms

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