Plasticizers

Walters, Perry; Cadogan, D. F.; Howick, C.

doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_439.pub2

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The same result can be observed in Figure b, i.e., the TPU-6P membrane was also attracted to the anode (upper electrode). This is related to the mobility of plasticizer inside polymer chains Figure c illustrates the distribution of DBA in Figure b.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Actuation Characteristics and Mechanism of Electroactive Plasticized Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Xia

2020

Langmuir

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As interesting alternatives, electroactive actuators based on plasticized thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) have shown their potential in developing soft robotics due to the large bending deformation, fast response, and good durability, especially their designable properties. Understanding the actuation mechanism is essential for controlling soft actuators as well as developing novel ones. In this work, the behaviors of the plasticizer and TPU membranes in electric fields were investigated and observed in situ by a microscope, showing that the plasticizer molecules migrated toward the anode of the actuator. It is found that there was a very thin plasticizer-rich layer formed in the material because of the accumulation of negatively charged plasticizer molecules, basing on the results of electrochemical impedance measurement and space charge measurement. This further led to a lower Young's modulus but an internal electric field with a higher density in this layer, resulting in the deformation of the actuator. Furthermore, based on the actuation mechanism, some actuation characteristics of the developed soft actuators were clarified. The maximum deflection of these actuators increased with the number of cycle tests, and in each cycle test, the deflection quickly reached the maximum value and then gradually decreased. It is believed that these characteristics are strongly related to the behaviors of plasticizer molecules, which were investigated accordingly.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…First, the purpose of adding DBA is to soften the TPU membrane, as plasticizer molecules swell the polymer chains to allow them pass through each other easier under an external force . When there are more DBA molecules in the area, the TPU chains in the plasticizer-rich layer expand more than other parts of the membrane.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actuation Characteristics and Mechanism of Electroactive Plasticized Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Xia

2020

Langmuir

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“…166 Most phosphorus-based plasticizers used in the industry are phosphates: aryl phosphates, alkylaryl phosphates and alkyl phosphates. 167 Aryl phosphates combine both flame retardant properties with plasticizing ones. Aryl phosphates such as triphenyl phosphate are used in hydraulic fluids, lacquers, varnishes, nail polish, and tricresyl phosphate is used for PVC and rubber.…”

Section: Organophosphorus Compounds: Chemical Properties and Applicat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

From rocks to bioactive compounds: a journey through the global P(v) organophosphorus industry and its sustainability

Ung

2023

RSC Sustain.

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“…The production scale for PVC has increased over the years and this trend will undoubtedly continue into the future [7]. The versatility of PVC can be increased by manipulation of its flexibility to enable its use in applications that require soft polymers via the addition of plasticizers [8]. Plasticizers create free volume by being located between the PVC chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR, Weight, and Surface Morphology of Poly(vinyl chloride) Doped with Tin Complexes Containing Aromatic and Heterocyclic Moieties

et al. 2021

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Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is an important synthetic plastic that is produced in large quantities (millions of tons) annually. Additives to PVC are necessary to allow its use in many applications, particularly in harsh conditions. In regard to this, investigation of the synthesis of trimethoprim–tin complexes and their use as PVC additives is reported. Trimethoprim–tin complexes were obtained from the reaction of trimethoprim and tin chlorides using simple procedures. Trimethoprim–tin complexes (0.5% by weight) were added to PVC to produce homogenous mixtures and thin films were made. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the surface and properties of the PVC films was investigated. The level of both photodecomposition and photo-oxidation of PVC films containing trimethoprim–tin complexes was observed to be lower than for the blank film. The effectiveness of tin complexes as PVC photostabilizers reflects the aromaticity of the additives. The complex containing three phenyl groups attached to the tin cation showed the most stabilizing effect on PVC. The complex containing two phenyl groups was next, with the one containing butyl substituents resulting in the least stabilization of PVC. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the role of the synthesized complexes in PVC photostabilization.

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Plasticizers

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Actuation Characteristics and Mechanism of Electroactive Plasticized Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Actuation Characteristics and Mechanism of Electroactive Plasticized Thermoplastic Polyurethane

From rocks to bioactive compounds: a journey through the global P(v) organophosphorus industry and its sustainability

FTIR, Weight, and Surface Morphology of Poly(vinyl chloride) Doped with Tin Complexes Containing Aromatic and Heterocyclic Moieties

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