Plasticizer migration from children's toys, child care articles, art materials, and school supplies

Babich, Michael A.; Bevington, Charles; Dreyfus, Matthew A.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104574

Cited by 63 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The level of phthalate plasticizers in children’s products was similar to those reported in other studies conducted in recent decades [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. The optimal amount of phthalate plasticizers to be added in PVC and other plastics is likely to depend on the purpose of their addition, unless they are unintentionally added during production processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate

Kim

Chun

Jung

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Plasticizers are added to diverse consumer products including children’s products. Owing to their potential for endocrine disruption, the use of phthalate plasticizers is restricted in many children’s products. In this study, exposure to five phthalate esters (dibutylphthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate (DINP)) and an alternative (di-ethylhexyl adipate) was assessed by the use of children’s products based on chemical analysis of 3345 products purchased during 2017 and 2019 in Korea. Plasticizers were found above the detection limits in 387 products, and DEHP and DINP were the two most predominantly detected plasticizers. Deterministic and probabilistic estimation of the margin of exposure at a screening level revealed that the use of children’s products might be an important risk factor. However, it is also highly likely that the exposure could be overestimated, because the migration rate was estimated based solely on the content of plasticizers in children’s products. Chemical migration is a key process determining the absorption of plasticizers from products; thus, further refinements in experimental determination or model estimation of the migration rate are required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In recent decades, phthalate plasticizers in children’s products such as toys, teethers, and backpacks were analyzed in numerous studies [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. They were found in various polymeric parts of a product, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate

Kim

Chun

Jung

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The same can occur with gloves that can have direct contact with the human body, food or saliva. Recently, Babich et al (2020) , who was investigating potential migration of 38 different plasticizers from children’s toys, child care articles, art materials, and school supplies, identified the following chemicals: acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT), diisononyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (DINX), 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3 pentanediol diisobutyrate (TPIB), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), DEHP and tributyl citrate (TBC) in solutions obtained through the samples extraction with simulated saliva. Some of toys contained two or even three plasticizers at the same time.…”

Section: Dpgs Influence On the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 discarded disposable gloves as a source and a vector of pollutants in the environment

Jędruchniewicz

Oleszczuk

2021

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Life Cycle Assessment of the potential impacts of materials used in electronic products has provided insights on the need to develop safer alternatives to problematic materials deemed too toxic to be sustainable (Hibbert and Ogunseitan, 2014;Kang et al, 2013;Lim et al, 2013;Schoenung, 2009, 2010;Son et al, 2016;Woo et al, 2016). WEEE composition varies substantially across electronic device functions, capabilities, components, and models in terms of period of manufacture (Babich et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020;Xiao et al, 2020). For example, the cathode materials used in the original generation of Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs) is LiCoO 2 whereas recent generations use LiNi 1-x-y Co x Mn y O 2 , LiFePO 4 , or Li polymer batteries (Liu et al, 2019;Xiao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effectiveness of technical and regulatory innovations to reduce the burden of electronic waste

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) contain toxic metals and organic compounds, posing significant threats to human health and environmental quality. The risks vary according to equipment types and components that are influenced by innovations in technical configuration and regulatory policy. To disentangle the relative impacts of these influences in protecting health and environment, we investigated 13 WEEE and 14 components using a life cycle impact assessment procedure. Additionally, we analyzed Waste Mobile Phones (WMPs) and Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCBs) from computers manufactured between 2002 and 2010 to identify trends of toxic chemicals and potential adverse impacts associated with technological configurations and regulatory policies. The results show that, among WEEE, Cathode Ray Tube TV presented the highest carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity toxicity potential. Waste Air Conditioner posed the highest potential for ecotoxicity. Among electronic components, Waste Organic Light Emitting Diode displays posed the highest potential risk for carcinogenesis, whereas WPCBs from laptop computers posed the highest potential risk for non-cancer diseases. Solid State Drives posed the highest risks for ecotoxicity. Chromium was associated with risk of carcinogenesis and non-cancer diseases; whereas Al and Fe posed the highest potential for ecotoxicological impacts. During the period covered by the study, innovations in technological configurations and regulatory policies demonstrably reduced the potential toxicity risks posed by E-waste, attributable to reduction in the concentrations of toxic organic chemicals in WMPs/WPCBs. These results advance current understanding of strategies to reduce the risks posed by WEEE through coordination of technological innovations and regulatory policies.

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Plasticizer migration from children's toys, child care articles, art materials, and school supplies

Cited by 63 publications

References 9 publications

Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate

Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate

COVID-19 discarded disposable gloves as a source and a vector of pollutants in the environment

Comparative effectiveness of technical and regulatory innovations to reduce the burden of electronic waste

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