Plasticity and Evolution of (+)-3-Carene Synthase and (−)-Sabinene Synthase Functions of a Sitka Spruce Monoterpene Synthase Gene Family Associated with Weevil Resistance

Roach, Christopher R.; Hall, D. H.; Zerbe, Philipp; Bohlmann, Jöerg

doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.571703

Cited by 49 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Of terpene‐related genes, the monoterpene synthases TPS‐Car and TPS‐Lim were significantly up‐regulated in MeJA‐treated trees as compared with control, but not in fungus‐inoculated trees (Figure b). Surprisingly, there was no correspondence between up‐regulation of these two specific monoterpene synthases in MeJA‐treated trees and levels of their metabolic products (considered to be 3‐carene and terpinolene for TPS‐Car, Roach, Hall, Zerbe, & Bohlmann, , and (−)‐limonene for TPS‐Lim, Martin, Fäldt, & Bohlmann, ). As shown in Figure , none of the major products of these monoterpene synthases increased significantly in MeJA‐treated trees relative to the control, neither at 14 nor 35 days after treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Priming of inducible defenses protects Norway spruce against tree‐killing bark beetles

Magerøy

Christiansen

Långström

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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Plants can form an immunological memory known as defense priming, whereby exposure to a priming stimulus enables quicker or stronger response to subsequent attack by pests and pathogens. Such priming of inducible defenses provides increased protection and reduces allocation costs of defense. Defense priming has been widely studied for short‐lived model plants such as Arabidopsis, but little is known about this phenomenon in long‐lived plants like spruce. We compared the effects of pretreatment with sublethal fungal inoculations or application of the phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the resistance of 48‐year‐old Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees to mass attack by a tree‐killing bark beetle beginning 35 days later. Bark beetles heavily infested and killed untreated trees but largely avoided fungus‐inoculated trees and MeJA‐treated trees. Quantification of defensive terpenes at the time of bark beetle attack showed fungal inoculation induced 91‐fold higher terpene concentrations compared with untreated trees, whereas application of MeJA did not significantly increase terpenes. These results indicate that resistance in fungus‐inoculated trees is a result of direct induction of defenses, whereas resistance in MeJA‐treated trees is due to defense priming. This work extends our knowledge of defense priming from model plants to an ecologically important tree species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Priming of inducible defenses protects Norway spruce against tree‐killing bark beetles

Magerøy

Christiansen

Långström

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Resistance of lodgepole pine against the mountain pine beetle involves quantitative multigenic control (Yanchuk et al ., 2008), and may be based on a suite of chemical and physical defences (Franceschi et al ., 2005; Bohlmann, 2012). In Sitka spruce, resistance to the white pine weevil has been associated with variations of stone cells and resin ducts (King et al ., 2011) and constitutive and induced terpenoid levels and their underlying terpenoid synthases (Hall et al ., 2011; Roach et al ., 2014). The present study showed that levels of both Pgβglu-1 transcripts and acetophenone aglycons active against the SBW are elevated in early summer when the most destructive SBW larval stages are active (Miller, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the β‐glucosidase genePgβglu‐1underpins natural resistance of white spruce against spruce budworm

et al. 2014

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Periodic outbreaks of spruce budworm (SBW) affect large areas of ecologically and economically important conifer forests in North America, causing tree mortality and reduced forest productivity. Host resistance against SBW has been linked to growth phenology and the chemical composition of foliage, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and population variation are largely unknown. Using a genomics approach, we discovered a β-glucosidase gene, Pgβglu-1, whose expression levels and function underpin natural resistance to SBW in mature white spruce (Picea glauca) trees. In phenotypically resistant trees, Pgβglu-1 transcripts were up to 1000 times more abundant than in non-resistant trees and were highly enriched in foliage. The encoded PgβGLU-1 enzyme catalysed the cleavage of acetophenone sugar conjugates to release the aglycons piceol and pungenol. These aglycons were previously shown to be active against SBW. Levels of Pgβglu-1 transcripts and biologically active acetophenone aglycons were substantially different between resistant and non-resistant trees over time, were positively correlated with each other and were highly variable in a natural white spruce population. These results suggest that expression of Pgβglu-1 and accumulation of acetophenone aglycons is a constitutive defence mechanism in white spruce. The progeny of resistant trees had higher Pgβglu-1 gene expression than non-resistant progeny, indicating that the trait is heritable. With reported increases in the intensity of SBW outbreaks, influenced by climate, variation of Pgβglu-1 transcript expression, PgβGLU-1 enzyme activity and acetophenone accumulation may serve as resistance markers to better predict impacts of SBW in both managed and wild spruce populations.

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“…coli strain BL21DE3-C43 for heterologous protein expression, as previously described [29]. Recombinant protein was purified using the GE healthcare His SpinTrap kit (www.gelifesciences.com) according to manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa

2017

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Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) plants produce and accumulate a terpene-rich resin in glandular trichomes, which are abundant on the surface of the female inflorescence. Bouquets of different monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are important components of cannabis resin as they define some of the unique organoleptic properties and may also influence medicinal qualities of different cannabis strains and varieties. Transcriptome analysis of trichomes of the cannabis hemp variety ‘Finola’ revealed sequences of all stages of terpene biosynthesis. Nine cannabis terpene synthases (CsTPS) were identified in subfamilies TPS-a and TPS-b. Functional characterization identified mono- and sesqui-TPS, whose products collectively comprise most of the terpenes of ‘Finola’ resin, including major compounds such as β-myrcene, (E)-β-ocimene, (-)-limonene, (+)-α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. Transcripts associated with terpene biosynthesis are highly expressed in trichomes compared to non-resin producing tissues. Knowledge of the CsTPS gene family may offer opportunities for selection and improvement of terpene profiles of interest in different cannabis strains and varieties.

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Plasticity and Evolution of (+)-3-Carene Synthase and (−)-Sabinene Synthase Functions of a Sitka Spruce Monoterpene Synthase Gene Family Associated with Weevil Resistance

Cited by 49 publications

References 30 publications

Priming of inducible defenses protects Norway spruce against tree‐killing bark beetles

Priming of inducible defenses protects Norway spruce against tree‐killing bark beetles

Expression of the β‐glucosidase genePgβglu‐1underpins natural resistance of white spruce against spruce budworm

Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa

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