Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa

Booth, Judith K.; Page, Jonathan E.; Bohlmann, Jörg

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173911

Cited by 208 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…To this end, a mapping experiment is in progress using a larger sample of Oregon Promise doubled haploids. That larger and more robust data set can be used, together with the available barley genome sequence (21) and metabolomic data, to identify candidate genes and biochemical pathways for specific flavors, as described for tomato and cannabis (8,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Variety and Growing Environment on Beer Flavor

Herb

Filichkin

Fisk

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists

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J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 75(4): [345][346][347][348][349][350][351][352][353] 2017 This research tested the hypothesis that barley genotype can affect beer flavor and assessed the relative contributions of genotype and location to beer sensory descriptors. Golden Promise, Full Pint, 34 of their doubled haploid progeny, and CDC Copeland were grown at three locations in Oregon, U.S.A. Grain from these trials was micromalted and the resulting malts used for nano-brewing. Sensory evaluations were conducted on the nano-brews. Barley genotype had significant effects on many sensory descriptors. The most significant sensory descriptorswhen comparing barley genotypes-were cereal, color, floral, fruity, grassy, honey, malty, toasted, toffee, and sweet. Golden Promise was significantly higher in fruity, floral, and grassy flavors, whereas Full Pint was significantly higher in malty, toffee, and toasted flavors. CDC Copeland was closest to neutral for most flavor traits. There were notable differences for some descriptors between locations. New combinations of parental flavor attributes were observed in the progeny. Multitrait analysis revealed regions of the barley genome with significant effects on malting quality and flavor traits. These findings are, of course, applicable only to the barley germplasm tested, the environment sampled, and the protocols used for micromalting and brewing. The necessary largerscale experiments involving optimized malts and larger volumes of beer are in process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Variety and Growing Environment on Beer Flavor

Herb

Filichkin

Fisk

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists

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“…Beta and alpha-Caryophyllene are the major sesquiterpenes encountered in the Cannabis plant [85]. Importantly, a comparative study showed that regardless the type of extraction used supercritical fluid extraction, steam distillation, or hydrodistillation, the major sesquiterpene compound to be extracted was β-Caryophyllene (BCP) [86].…”

Section: Beta (β)-And α-Caryophyllenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…β-elemene (1-methyl-1-vinyl-2,4-diisopropenyl-cyclohexane) is a derivative terpenoid found in Cannabis sativa, which may arise due to oxidation or due to thermal-or UV-induced rearrangements during processing or storage [85,178,179]. However, β-elemene is present not only in Cannabis sativa but also from Curcuma rhizome, and it is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine due to its anticancer properties with no reported severe side effects [180].…”

Section: β-Elemenementioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant

et al. 2020

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Medicinal use of Cannabis sativa L. has an extensive history and it was essential in the discovery of phytocannabinoids, including the Cannabis major psychoactive compound—Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)—as well as the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CBR), named cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R), both part of the now known endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabinoids is a vast term that defines several compounds that have been characterized in three categories: (i) endogenous, (ii) synthetic, and (iii) phytocannabinoids, and are able to modulate the CBR and ECS. Particularly, phytocannabinoids are natural terpenoids or phenolic compounds derived from Cannabis sativa. However, these terpenoids and phenolic compounds can also be derived from other plants (non-cannabinoids) and still induce cannabinoid-like properties. Cannabimimetic ligands, beyond the Cannabis plant, can act as CBR agonists or antagonists, or ECS enzyme inhibitors, besides being able of playing a role in immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases, neuroinflammatory, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer, and autoimmunity by itself. In this review, we summarize and critically highlight past, present, and future progress on the understanding of the role of cannabinoid-like molecules, mainly terpenes, as prospective therapeutics for different pathological conditions.

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“…On the other hand, the tendency of man to improve and select the most desired plant species and varieties may cause that the content of bioactive substances in plant materials may increase, or that these plants will become more susceptible to some diseases [34][35][36][37]. Thus, the pollution and degradation of the environment will automatically reflect on the pollution of plant raw materials from which herbal medicines are obtained.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the pollution and degradation of the environment will automatically reflect on the pollution of plant raw materials from which herbal medicines are obtained. The selection of the appropriate plant varieties and the cultivation of special strains of plants can play an important role in the process of obtaining the best plant materials, as is the case with 'medical marijuana' [7,34]. Growers of' 'medical marijuana' select and cultivate only those strains of Cannabis sativa that have high content of cannabimimetic substances activating cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, with a small amount of psychoactive substances [38][39][40].…”

Section: State-of-the-art Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for the use of herbal medicines in relation to progressing environmental pollution

Łuszczki¹,

Gustaw-Rothenberg²,

Chmielewski³

et al. 2020

Med Środow.

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Due to the increasing pollution of the natural environment, the amount of impurities that can accumulate in herbs and plants used for therapeutic purposes as medicinal plants also increases. As many plant materials have medicinal properties and have been used as medicinal remedies,they must be subjected to rigorous assessments according to material quality standards.Presently, however, there is no guarantee that there has been no change in the amount and content of medicinal bioactive substances, compared to plants used years ago in traditional folk medicine. At present, there are great prospects in the use of medical plants, especially if the medicinal plants are free from pollution originating from the contaminated natural environment. The attention of researchers should focus not only on seeking new bioactive compounds and finding new drugs in plants, but also on ensuring high standards of quality regarding the evaluation of the chemical purity of plants growing in the environment exposed to contamination and pollution. The combination of both challenges can help patients suffering from increasing numbers of ailments and diseases of civilization. Researchers must also be actively involved in the process of detection any harmful substances penetrating from the environment into plants by applying various biomedical and chemical techniques to detect some novel, as yet unknown threats, in order not to expose patients to them.

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Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa

Cited by 208 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Variety and Growing Environment on Beer Flavor

Effects of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Variety and Growing Environment on Beer Flavor

Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant

Prospects for the use of herbal medicines in relation to progressing environmental pollution

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