Plasticiser loss from plastic or rubber products through diffusion and evaporation

Wei, Xin-Feng; Linde, Erik; Hedenqvist, Mikael S.

doi:10.1038/s41529-019-0080-7

Cited by 78 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Furthermore, the combination of additives such as plasticizers into biopolymers and their blends, is a common practice to further improve the mechanical flexibility, and processability limitations. Generally, plasticizers are a class of low-to-medium molecular weight compounds up to a few thousand, it is expected that their demand will increase reaching approximately the 9.75 million of tons in 2024 [23]. In various applications, like film formation or coating dispersion, the adequate selection of plasticizer greatly improves the processing; however, the choice of these plasticizers, especially in biobased applications, is limited by the required safety, environmental favorability, and chemical and physical properties that dictate their miscibility [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Micro and Nano Additives for Controlling the Migration of a Biobased Plasticizer from PLA-Based Flexible Films

et al. 2020

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Plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blend-based films containing chitin nanofibrils (CN) and calcium carbonate were prepared by extrusion and compression molding. On the basis of previous studies, processability was controlled by the use of a few percent of a commercial acrylic copolymer acting as melt strength enhancer and calcium carbonate. Furthermore, acetyl n-tributyl citrate (ATBC), a renewable and biodegradable plasticizer (notoriously adopted in PLA based products) was added to facilitate not only the processability but also to increase the mechanical flexibility and toughness. However, during the storage of these films, a partial loss of plasticizer was observed. The consequence of this is not only correlated to the change of the mechanical properties making the films more rigid but also to the crystallization and development of surficial oiliness. The effect of the addition of calcium carbonate (nanometric and micrometric) and natural nanofibers (chitin nanofibrils) to reduce/control the plasticizer migration was investigated. The prediction of plasticizer migration from the films’ core to the external surface was carried out and the diffusion coefficients, obtained by regression of the experimental migration data plotted as the square root of time, were evaluated for different blends compositions. The results of the diffusion coefficients, obtained thanks to migration tests, showed that the CN can slow the plasticizer migration. However, the best result was achieved with micrometric calcium carbonate while nanometric calcium carbonate results were less effective due to favoring of some bio polyesters’ chain scission. The use of both micrometric calcium carbonate and CN was counterproductive due to the agglomeration phenomena that were observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Micro and Nano Additives for Controlling the Migration of a Biobased Plasticizer from PLA-Based Flexible Films

et al. 2020

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“…However, the use of plasticizers has also challenges, such as migration, evaporation, and degradation of plasticizers under certain conditions, which can cause negative impacts to thermomechanical properties of fibers and contamination of the surrounding medium. [28,29]…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Melt Spun Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt spinnability of long chain cellulose esters

Willberg‐Keyriläinen

Rokkonen

Malm

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Technical and hygienic nonwovens, originating typically from fossil‐based synthetic polymers, are the fastest growing applications in the textile industry. Recently developed thermoplastic cellulose fatty acid esters have polyolefin like rheology properties and therefore the suitability of these cellulose esters for fiber production was evaluated. In this study, the melt spinning of textile fibers has been demonstrated using thermoplastic cellulose octanoate. The mechanical properties of melt spun fibers were analyzed by using tensile testing and both the surface and cross‐section morphology of melt spun fibers were studied using the scanning electron microscopy. The surfaces of the fibers were very smooth and also the cross‐section was very uniform and no porosity was observed. While mechanical properties of the produced fibers are not yet as good as those reported for commercial polypropylene (PP) monofilament fibers, they are somewhat more comparable to other cellulose ester‐based fibers. The melt spinning results indicate that the novel cellulose‐based fibers can provide a renewable and recyclable alternative, for example, spun‐laid PP in several hygienic textile and fully oriented in technical applications in future.

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“…The thickness of coating gradually decreased due to heat degradation at 70°C, and was 38 mm on 1 st day, 18 mm on 3 rd day, and 10 mm on 7 th day. The coating thickness decreased due to thermal decomposition and volatilization of components such as plasticizers in the coating (Wei, X. (2019)).…”

Section: Sem-eds Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the first day, fillers move to the bottom of the coating as polymers become smaller and less dense due to thermal decomposition. From the third day, filler have been pushed up from the bottom due to polymer cross-linking and polymerization reaction (Wei, X., et. al.…”

Section: Sem-eds Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology Changes and Fillers migration in Urethane Composites during Thermal Degradation.

Tanifuji¹,

Ishida²,

Kitagaki³

2020

XV International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components. eBook of Proceedings

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Polyurethane composite coatings are frequently applied to strengthen the barrier properties of various construction materials such as wood, metal and concrete. The changes of color and glossiness of the composite coatings for building materials proceeds more slowly than that of polyurethane because of containing fillers and several types of additives. However, the most critical barrier properties have not been studied directly based on the difference from the degradation mechanism of polyurethane coatings. Additionally, the difference in thermal and UV degradation mechanisms of coatings is not clear in the existing studies dealing with conventional accelerated weathering tests and outdoor exposure tests. Therefore, the behavior of the filler contained in the coatings was observed using an oven to accelerate thermal degradation. The chemical analysis of the coating surface by XPS and the analysis of the images and elemental mappings by SEM-EDS were carried out, and the mechanism of degradation progress was investigated. In addition, the temperature dependency of the degradation was studied in changing the heating temperature. It was suggested that polymer and fillers interact in promoting mass transfer at the same time as the thermal degradation reaction consequently.

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Plasticiser loss from plastic or rubber products through diffusion and evaporation

Cited by 78 publications

References 71 publications

Sustainable Micro and Nano Additives for Controlling the Migration of a Biobased Plasticizer from PLA-Based Flexible Films

Sustainable Micro and Nano Additives for Controlling the Migration of a Biobased Plasticizer from PLA-Based Flexible Films

Melt spinnability of long chain cellulose esters

Morphology Changes and Fillers migration in Urethane Composites during Thermal Degradation.

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