Plasmonic–Photonic Hybrid Modes Excited on a Titanium Nitride Nanoparticle Array in the Visible Region

Abstract

Conventionally used plasmonic materials generally have low thermal stability, low chemical durability (except gold), and are incompatible with complementary metal–oxide semiconductor processes. However, titanium nitride (TiN), an emerging plasmonic material, possesses gold-like optical properties, but displays relatively large ohmic losses. We fabricated a periodic array of TiN nanoparticles to effectively reduce these losses by coupling the localized surface plasmon resonance with light diffraction. The height of the nanoparticle and the periodicity of the array were designed to match the excitation conditions of both the localized surface plasmon resonance and light diffraction. As a result, the array supported a plasmonic–photonic hybrid mode in the visible region. For the loss mitigation effect to be assessed, photoluminescence (PL) from the light emitting layer on the array was measured. The PL intensity was larger than that from the same layer on a TiN thin film, demonstrating reduced loss. The angular and spectral profiles of the PL could be controlled by the hybrid mode. Our results thus pave the way toward plasmonic devices that can be fabricated using traditional complementary metal–oxide semiconductor processes.

Refractory Plasmonic Metal Nitride Nanoparticles for Broadband Near‐Infrared Optical Switches

“…According to the Drude model, the peak position of LSPR, that is, the optical resonance wavelength where the most intense light–matter interaction is apt to occur, is sensitive to the dielectric properties of the surrounding medium as well as free carrier density and geometric characteristics (size, shape etc.) of the NPs . In our experiment, however, the surface TiO 2 with higher dielectric constant (compared with that of TiN) are therefore expected to result in a red‐shift of the LSPR peak compared with that of the oxidation‐free TiN NPs.…”

Collective lattice resonances in disordered and quasi-random all-dielectric metasurfaces

“…To the date, most of the studies have considered diffractive coupling between electric dipole (ED) oscillations and Wood-Rayleigh anomalies [27,28] in arrays of classic plasmonic NPs like Au or Ag. However, quite recently a significant attention has been turned to alternative plasmonic materials like indium-tinoxide [29], aluminum [30][31][32][33], transition metal nitrides [22,34,35], and nickel [36]. The use of these materials makes it possible to tailor a wavelength of collective lattice modes within a wide spectral range, from UV [31] to IR [35], or enable a magnetooptical activity [37,38] which paves the way to a rich variety of novel and promising applications.…”

Plasmonic Enhancement of Upconversion Photoluminescence from CaF₂: Er³⁺, Yb³⁺ Nanoparticles on TiN Nanoantennas

“…Titanium nitride (TiN) has attracted attention as a promising candidate material in plasmonic community because it possesses good optical properties, low electrical resistivity (30-70 μΩ.cm -1 ) and high melting point (3200 K) [25][26][27] . Previously, we reported the design and fabrication of nanoantennas comprising TiN nanoparticles arranged in square lattices with various periodicity to achieve fluorescence enhancement from phosphors 28,29) . Here, we report that TiN nanoantennas can enhance the UCPL from CaF 2 : Er 3+ , Yb 3+ NPs and that UCPL enhancement depends on the periodicity of the lattice.…”