Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tags that serve as exogenous contrast agents for SERS-based bioimaging are comprised of size-and shape-controlled plasmonic nanostructures. For maximum SERS activity and image contrast, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength of SERS tags based on individual nanostructures must match with the excitation wavelength (typically in the near-infrared (NIR) therapeutic window, i.e., 650−900 nm). However, under the resonant excitation, these SERS tags typically exhibit very high photothermal conversion efficiency, resulting in excessive heat that can perturb or even damage the biological species being imaged. Here, we demonstrate bioenabled synthesis of a novel class of ultrabright SERS probes with built-in and accessible electromagnetic hotspots formed by densely packed satellite nanoparticles grown on a plasmonic core. Through the rational choice of the shape of the core, the LSPR wavelength of Au superstructures can be tuned to be either off-or on-resonant with the NIR excitation without sacrificing their high SERS activity. Consequently, the photothermal efficiency of these ultrabright SERS tags can be tuned to realize either contrast agents with minimal heating and perturbation or multifunctional theranostic agents that can image and photothermally kill the targeted cells.S urface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), which involves the large enhancement of Raman scattering from molecules adsorbed on (or in close proximity to) nanostructured metal surfaces, is emerging as a powerful bioimaging modality for image-guided interventions in intraoperative settings. 1−3 SERS offers numerous advantages such as ultrasensitivity, large multiplexing capability due to narrow line widths (∼2 nm), chemical specificity (quantized vibrational fingerprint of the Raman reporters), excellent photostability, absence of interference from water, and noninvasive near-infrared (NIR) excitation and emission, which enable deeper penetration into soft tissues. 4−8 Conventional SERS probe synthesis involves the adsorption of Raman reporters on size-and shape-controlled plasmonic nanostructures, followed by coating them with glass layers (such as silica or alumina) and modification with targeting ligands such as antibodies or aptamers for biological specificity. 9 It is known that the SERS enhancement from individual nanostructures is highly dependent on the relative positions of excitation wavelength and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength of the plasmonic nanostructures employed as SERS medium. For maximum SERS enhancement, the LSPR wavelength of the nanostructures is shown to be λ λ λ λ ≈ + −
LSPR ExcStokes Exc