Plasmonic black metals in resonant nanocavities

Bora, Mihail; Behymer, Elaine; Dehlinger, Dietrich; Britten, Jerald A.; Larson, Cindy; Chang, Ansi; Munechika, Keiko; Nguyễn, Hoàng Tùng; Bond, Tiziana C.

doi:10.1063/1.4802910

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We demonstrate printing of arrays of composite nanopillars with height, diameter and spacing specificity, which complements earlier works on pillar arrays based on silicon substrates where the pillar height is constant over the area of one sample. [14][15] We show in parallel that the material composition and nanofabrication precision of the printed out-ofplane nanopillar patterns enable the tuning of their overall absorption, a necessary requirement to achieve true submicron gray-scale resolution. Finally, we demonstrate how with this technique gray scale images at resolutions close to the diffraction limit can be readily fabricated in an open atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Printable Nanoscopic Metamaterial Absorbers and Images with Diffraction-Limited Resolution

Richner

Eghlidi

Kress

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The fabrication of functional metamaterials with extreme feature resolution finds a host of applications such as the broad area of surface/light interaction. Nonplanar features of such structures can significantly enhance their performance and tunability, but their facile generation remains a challenge. Here, we show that carefully designed out-of-plane nanopillars made of metal-dielectric composites integrated in a metal-dielectric-nanocomposite configuration can absorb broadband light very effectively. We further demonstrate that electrohydrodynamic printing in a rapid nanodripping mode is able to generate precise out-of-plane forests of such composite nanopillars with deposition resolutions at the diffraction limit on flat and nonflat substrates. The nanocomposite nature of the printed material allows the fine-tuning of the overall visible light absorption from complete absorption to complete reflection by simply tuning the pillar height. Almost perfect absorption (∼95%) over the entire visible spectrum is achieved by a nanopillar forest covering only 6% of the printed area. Adjusting the height of individual pillar groups by design, we demonstrate on-demand control of the gray scale of a micrograph with a spatial resolution of 400 nm. These results constitute a significant step forward in ultrahigh resolution facile fabrication of out-of-plane nanostructures, important to a broad palette of light design applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Printable Nanoscopic Metamaterial Absorbers and Images with Diffraction-Limited Resolution

Richner

Eghlidi

Kress

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Thus, the absorber needs to withstand high temperatures to transfer a large amount of heat energy to the emitter. The low‐loss noble metals are successfully used in unitary absorbers so far, particularly Au and Ag . However, noble metals are not compatible with high‐temperature photovoltaic applications and standard silicon manufacturing processes (complementary metal oxide semiconductor, CMOS, technology), owing to low melting point and diffusion of noble metals into silicon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐Area Ultrabroadband Absorber for Solar Thermophotovoltaics Based on 3D Titanium Nitride Nanopillars

Chirumamilla

Yang

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

128

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Refractorymetal-based broadband absorber/narrowband emitters is a flourishing field in energy harvesting where the physical and chemical stability of the metals at high temperatures provide efficient absorption/emission of solar/ heat energy. [1][2][3] Advancements in solar/ thermophotovoltaics (S/TPV) must be accompanied by thermally stable devices in order to withstand extreme operating conditions. The fundamental limiting factor [Shockley Queisser (SQ) efficiency limit] in traditional single-junction solar cells is its inability in converting the broad solar spectrum into a narrow range of wavelengths defined by the PV cells. [4] Solar photons with energies below the bandgap of the PV cell are not converted, and the photons with energies higher than the bandgap lose their additional energy through a process known as thermalization. In solar thermophotovoltaics (STPV), an intermediate system composed of absorber and emitter is used to overcome the SQ limit by harvesting the solar energy followed by the emission of narrowband radiation. [5] The absorber should provide unitary absorption in the entire solar spectral range over a range of incidence angles with polarization insensitive nature, and minimum thermal reradiation to avoid near-infrared heat radiation at elevated temperatures. Through thermal conduction, the absorbed heat energy is transferred to the emitter, which is tailored to emit a narrowband radiation defined by the bandgap energy of a PV cell. Thus, the absorber needs to withstand high temperatures to transfer a large amount of heat energy to the emitter. The low-loss noble metals are successfully used in unitary absorbers so far, particularly Au and Ag. [6][7][8] However, noble metals are not compatible with hightemperature photovoltaic applications and standard silicon manufacturing processes (complementary metal oxide semiconductor, CMOS, technology), owing to low melting point and diffusion of noble metals into silicon. Annealing the substrates at high temperatures induce oxidation, surface diffusion, corrosion, cracking, and delamination of thin films from the substrate. [7] The situation is even worse in the case of the Broadband absorbers, with the simultaneous advantages of thermal stability, insensitivity to light polarization and angle, robustness against harsh environmental conditions, and large area fabrication by scalable methods, are essential elements in (solar) thermophotovoltaics. Compared to the noble metal and multilayered broadband absorbers, high-temperature refractory metal-based nanostructures with low-Q resonators are reported less. In this work, 3D titanium nitride (TiN) nanopillars are investigated for ultrabroadband absorption in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions with average absorptivities of 0.94, over a wide range of oblique angles between 0° and 75°. The effect of geometrical parameters of the TiN nanopillars on broadband absorption is investigated. By combining the flexibility of nanopillar design and lossy TiN films, ultrabroadband absorption in the vi...

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“…Accordingly, we can make some mathematical descriptions of designed multilayer gratings with symmetric MIM waveguide and F–P cavity theories. First of all, we can obtain the complex propagation constant β of SPPs and the resonance order m in the cavity through the following resonance condition and dispersion equations

2 W β + φ_{normalr} = 2 m π

ε_{normald} k_{normalm} + ε_{normalm} k_{normald} \tanh (k_{d} h normal/ 2) = 0

β^{2} - ε_{normald} k_{0}^{2} = k_{normald}^{2}

β^{2} - ε_{normalm} k_{0}^{2} = k_{normalm}^{2}

where ϕ r is the phase shift of reflection, and W is the width of grating stripe, which represents the length of F–P cavity. ε m and ε d are dielectric constants of Al and Si, and h is the thickness of insulator layers (60 nm).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Plasmonic Modes in Multilayer Trench Grating Structures

Liu

Gao

Yang

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

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brings about a high potential application value in many fields such as plasmonic photocatalyst, [6,7] nonlinear optics, [8,9] surface-enhanced spectroscopy, [10,11] solar cells, [12,13] high integration optical devices, [14,15] and metamaterials, [16,17] etc. Among various basic plasmonic structures, the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configuration that the insulator film is sandwiched between two symmetric metal films is one of the most common units. [18] In this structure, the electric field is strongly constrained, causing a stronger energy confinement effect in deeply subwavelength scale. [19,20] However, due to the presence of metal, a large Ohmic loss is inevitable in the individual plasmonic structures including the traditional MIM geometries, which results in difficulties to achieve strong confinements of electric field with a low loss simultaneously. [21,22] Generally, for the widely used Si-based plasmonic devices, it is an undesirable phenomenon. One of the main reasons is that silicon has a relative large thermo-optic coefficient and the temperature variety induced by Ohmic loss influences its properties seriously, [23,24] leading to the instability and limitations of integration. In addition, the large loss means the low efficiencies for Si-based plasmonic optoelectronic converters as well. [25] In this case, the enhancement of plasmonic mode coupling through engineering of multiple structures may realize a reduction of the Ohmic losses, [21,26] and some composite structures are constantly designed to achieve the mode coupling. Exciting surface lattice resonances (SLRs) is a line of thought for reducing losses, but it is usually supported by nanorods or nanoparticles, and coupled with localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). [27][28][29] Thus, further investigations of novel microstructures based on propagating plasmon resonances are necessary.According to the contents above, first, we demonstrate a microstructure of multilayer grating including MIM waveguides inside. Alternate Al and Si layers are utilized to replace the traditional single material grating stripes on the Si substrate. Not only will SPPs be excited by the grating-shaped structure, but also the standing wave resonance will be formed by Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavities that consist of MIM waveguides. Then we demonstrate a microstructure of multilayer trench grating including both stripes and trenches. The section of multilayer grating stripes can also perform a narrowband F-P resonance through MIM structures. Meanwhile, the multilayer For common plasmonic structures, it is difficult to considerate both the abilities of confining light and reducing loss. Here, two plasmonic multilayer structures comprised of five alternate Al and Si layers are demonstrated. First, the multilayer gratings with near-infrared dual narrowband peaks are given in the spectrum excited by Fabry-Perot resonance. Through investigating the modes of electric field distributions, the frequency-sensitivity, and linear designable characteristic of its working bands are cl...

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Plasmonic black metals in resonant nanocavities

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

Printable Nanoscopic Metamaterial Absorbers and Images with Diffraction-Limited Resolution

Printable Nanoscopic Metamaterial Absorbers and Images with Diffraction-Limited Resolution

Large‐Area Ultrabroadband Absorber for Solar Thermophotovoltaics Based on 3D Titanium Nitride Nanopillars

Hybrid Plasmonic Modes in Multilayer Trench Grating Structures

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