Printable Nanoscopic Metamaterial Absorbers and Images with Diffraction-Limited Resolution

Richner, Patrizia; Eghlidi, Hadi; Kress, Stephan J. P.; Schmid, Martin; Norris, David J.; Poulikakos, Dimos

doi:10.1021/acsami.6b01585

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…For the truncated hexagonal grids, a custom made ink with 5 nm gold particles capped with 1-octanethiol as stabilizing surfactant was used. [ 36 ] This ink was washed several times to remove any excess surfactant and diluted in tetradecane to optical densities similar to the ULVAC ink. A commercial silver ink from NanoMAS Technologies (NanoSilver) with nanoparticle diameters between 2 and 10 nm was diluted in n -tridecane to 3 wt% solid content.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip Printing of High Aspect Ratio Metal Grid Transparent Electrodes

Schneider

Rohner

Thureja

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

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833wileyonlinelibrary.com fi lm solar cells, and smart windows. [ 4 ] The main disadvantage of ITO is its limited optical performance at very low sheet resistances. Moreover, the brittleness of the ceramic ITO fi lms can present a bottleneck in the fabrication of highly fl exible devices. [ 5 ] These disadvantages have motivated recent research efforts toward alternative material systems such as carbon nanotube [ 6 ] or silver nanowire (AgNW) networks, [ 7,8 ] metallized electrospun nanowires, [ 9,10 ] graphene layers, [ 11 ] ultrathin metal fi lms, [ 12 ] self-forming [ 13 ] or patterned metal grids. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Ideally, besides having very good electrical and optical performance, the new system should be low cost, fl exible and include direct patterning. The former two can be achieved by the additive solution-processing of silver nanowire networks that show remarkable fl exibility. [ 8 ] Depending on the application, this method however requires a post deposition structuring step. Direct patterning can be implemented with metal-wire grid electrodes when considering suitable printing technologies. While grids have been realized with nanoscale lines in several studies, the fabrication relied on subtractive multistep patterning methods such as imprinting, [ 14,15,20 ] lithography, [ 15 ] or evaporative self-assembly. [ 16 ] For microscale line widths, although not completely additive, an elegant method using selective laser sintering of a silver or nickel nanoparticle fi lm has been presented by Hong et al. [ 17 ] and Lee et al., [ 18 ] respectively. A direct ink writing approach of concentrated silver inks has been shown by Ahn et al., demonstrating linewidths around 5 µm. [ 19 ] TCE of very high performance have been demonstrated by electrospinning of polymer nanowires followed by the metal evaporation resulting in nanotrough networks of various metals. [ 9 ] A similar procedure was used to fabricate a network of copper wires about 1 µm in diameter that can be transferred onto a fi ner mesh of solution-deposited nanowires. [ 10 ] However, this interesting method is neither additive nor does it have the ability for direct patterning.Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, the technique used in this work, has been applied as a viable additive and noncontact printing technique. Conventional additive printing methods such as screen printing or inkjet printing simply lack the resolution needed for invisible metal grid TCE applications. Electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip Printing of High Aspect Ratio Metal Grid Transparent Electrodes

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip Printing of High Aspect Ratio Metal Grid Transparent Electrodes

Schneider

Rohner

Thureja

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

235

255

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“…All three inks have been described in detail in earlier publications. 9,10,21 In order to study the polarity of the droplets as well as the charged nanoparticles we used the quantum dot ink, because of its better visibility in the SEM due to the larger size of the quantum dots compared to the gold nanoparticles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge effects and nanoparticle pattern formation in electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip printing of colloids

et al. 2016

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Advancing open atmosphere printing technologies to produce features in the nanoscale range has important and broad applications ranging from electronics, to photonics, plasmonics and biology. [1][2][3][4] Recently an electrohydrodynamic printing regime has been demonstrated in a rapid dripping mode (termed NanoDrip), where the ejected colloidal droplets from nozzles of diameters of O(1 µm) can controllably reach sizes an order of magnitude smaller than the nozzle and can generate planar and out-of-plane structures of similar sizes.1 Despite demonstrated capabilities, our fundamental understanding of important aspects of the physics of NanoDrip printing needs further improvement.Here we address the topics of charge content and transport in NanoDrip printing. We employ quantum dot and gold nanoparticle dispersions in combination with a specially designed, auxiliary, asymmetric electric field, targeting the understanding of charge locality (particles vs. solvent) and particle distribution in the deposits as indicated by the dried nanoparticle patterns (footprints) on the substrate. We show that droplets of alternating charge can be spatially separated when applying an ac field to the nozzle. The nanoparticles within a droplet are distributed asymmetrically under the influence of the auxiliary lateral electric field, indicating that they are the main carriers. We alsoshow that the ligand length of the nanoparticles in the colloid affects their mobility after deposition (in the sessile droplet state).2

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Section: Metal Am Techniques For the Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Am Techniques For the Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive Manufacturing of Metal Structures at the Micrometer Scale

et al. 2017

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Currently, the focus of additive manufacturing (AM) is shifting from simple prototyping to actual production. One driving factor of this process is the ability of AM to build geometries that are not accessible by subtractive fabrication techniques. While these techniques often call for a geometry that is easiest to manufacture, AM enables the geometry required for best performance to be built by freeing the design process from restrictions imposed by traditional machining. At the micrometer scale, the design limitations of standard fabrication techniques are even more severe. Microscale AM thus holds great potential, as confirmed by the rapid success of commercial micro-stereolithography tools as an enabling technology for a broad range of scientific applications. For metals, however, there is still no established AM solution at small scales. To tackle the limited resolution of standard metal AM methods (a few tens of micrometers at best), various new techniques aimed at the micrometer scale and below are presently under development. Here, we review these recent efforts. Specifically, we feature the techniques of direct ink writing, electrohydrodynamic printing, laser-assisted electrophoretic deposition, laser-induced forward transfer, local electroplating methods, laser-induced photoreduction and focused electron or ion beam induced deposition. Although these methods have proven to facilitate the AM of metals with feature sizes in the range of 0.1-10 µm, they are still in a prototype stage and their potential is not fully explored yet. For instance, comprehensive studies of material availability and material properties are often lacking, yet compulsory for actual applications. We address these items while critically discussing and comparing the potential of current microscale metal AM techniques.

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Printable Nanoscopic Metamaterial Absorbers and Images with Diffraction-Limited Resolution

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip Printing of High Aspect Ratio Metal Grid Transparent Electrodes

Electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip Printing of High Aspect Ratio Metal Grid Transparent Electrodes

Charge effects and nanoparticle pattern formation in electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip printing of colloids

Additive Manufacturing of Metal Structures at the Micrometer Scale

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