Plasmon enhanced upconversion luminescence near gold nanoparticles – simulation and analysis of the interactions: Errata

Fischer, Stefan; Hallermann, Florian; Eichelkraut, Toni; Plessen, G. von; Krämer, Karl; Biner, Daniel; Steinkemper, Heiko; Hermle, Martin; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph

doi:10.1364/oe.21.010606

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the following, we shortly outline the model framework. More details can be found in Refs [13,14,30,34]. The upconversion rate equation model considers ground and excited state absorption (GSA, ESA) as well as spontaneous emission (SPE), multi-phonon relaxation (MPR), energy transfer upconversion (ETU) and its reverse process, cross-relaxation (CR).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Going further, we introduced in Refs [13,14]. a more comprehensive computational study on the plasmon enhanced upconversion luminescence, where we combined a rate equation model of the upconverter β-NaYF 4 doped with 20% Er 3+ under 1523 nm illumination with optical simulations of a spherical gold nanoparticle (GNP) with a diameter of 200 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we combine a rate equation model to describe the upconversion with optical simulations of spherical GNPs, as described in previous literature [13,14,30]. We determine the enhancement factors for luminescence and absorption in a three-dimensional space around spherical GNPs with different diameters and as a function of the irradiance of the excitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced upconversion quantum yield near spherical gold nanoparticles – a comprehensive simulation based analysis

et al. 2016

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Photon upconversion is promising for many applications. However, the potential of lanthanide doped upconverter materials is typically limited by low absorption coefficients and low upconversion quantum yields (UCQY) under practical irradiance of the excitation. Modifying the photonic environment can strongly enhance the spontaneous emission and therefore also the upconversion luminescence. Additionally, the non-linear nature of the upconversion processes can be exploited by an increased local optical field introduced by photonic or plasmonic structures. In combination, both processes may lead to a strong enhancement of the UCQY at simultaneously lower incident irradiances. Here, we use a comprehensive 3D computation-based approach to investigate how absorption, upconversion luminescence, and UCQY of an upconverter are altered in the vicinity of spherical gold nanoparticles (GNPs). We use Mie theory and electrodynamic theory to compute the properties of GNPs. The parameters obtained in these calculations were used as input parameters in a rate equation model of the upconverter β-NaYF₄: 20% Er³⁺. We consider different diameters of the GNP and determine the behavior of the system as a function of the incident irradiance. Whether the UCQY is increased or actually decreased depends heavily on the position of the upconverter in respect to the GNP. Whereas the upconversion luminescence enhancement reaches a maximum around a distance of 35 nm to the surface of the GNP, we observe strong quenching of the UCQY for distances <40 nm and a UCQY maximum around 125 to 150 nm, in the case of a 300 nm diameter GNP. Hence, the upconverter material needs to be placed at different positions, depending on whether absorption, upconversion luminescence, or UCQY should be maximized. At the optimum position, we determine a maximum UCQY enhancement of 117% for a 300 nm diameter GNP at a low incident irradiance of 0.01 W/cm². As the irradiance increases, the maximum UCQY enhancement decreases to 20% at 1 W/cm². However, this UCQY enhancement translates into a significant improvement of the UCQY from 12.0% to 14.4% absolute.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced upconversion quantum yield near spherical gold nanoparticles – a comprehensive simulation based analysis

et al. 2016

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“…[33][34][35] As well known, plasmonic nanostructures can concentrate the incoming light into strong localized electric fi elds ( E ) distributed within the subwavelength regions close to the surface of the nanostructures (≈2-10 nm), leading to the near-fi eld enhancement approaching to two orders of magnitude. [ 31,36,37 ] Theoretically, the emission intensity of traditional photoluminescent materials such as quantum dots, dyes, and lanthanide-based phosphors satisfi es the linear relationship with the square of the electric fi eld intensity ( |E| 2 ), while the UCL intensity is proportional to the 2 n -th power of the electric fi eld intensity ( |E| 2 n for a n-photon UC process).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Upconversion Enhancement in the “Islands” Au–Ag Alloy/NaYF₄: Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺/Er³⁺ Composite Films, and Fingerprint Identification

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

142

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The surface plasmon (SP) modulation is a promised way to highly improve the strength of upconversion luminescence (UCL) and expand its applications. In this work, the "islands" Au-Ag alloy fi lm is prepared by an organic removal template method and explored to improve the UCL of NaYF 4 : Yb3+, Tm 3+ /Er 3+ . After the optimization of Au-Ag molar ratio (Au 1.25 -Ag 0.625 ) and the size of NaYF 4 nanoparticles (NPs, ≈7 nm), an optimum enhancement as high as 180 folds is obtained (by refl ection measurement) for the overall UCL intensity of Tm 3+ . Systematic studies indicate that the UCL enhancement factor (EF) increases with the increased size of metal NPs and the increase of diffuse refl ection, with the decreased size of NaYF 4 NPs, with the decreased power density of excitation light and with improving order of multiphoton populating. The total decay rate varies only ranging of about 20% while EF changes signifi cantly. All the facts above indicate that the UCL enhancement mainly originates from coupling of SP with the excitation electromagnetic fi eld. Furthermore, the fi ngerprint identification based on SP-enhanced UCL is realized in the metal/UC system, which provides a novel insight for the application of the metal/UC device.

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“…One possibility to increase the irradiance on the upconverter material is the exploitation of plasmonic effects in noble metal nanoparticles, which can cause a high local field enhancement [11][12][13][14] around the metallic particles. This enhancement has to be shown to be able to increase the erbium photoluminescence [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased upconversion quantum yield in photonic structures due to local field enhancement and modification of the local density of states – a simulation-based analysis

Herter¹,

Wolf²,

Fischer³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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In upconversion processes, two or more low-energy photons are converted into one higher-energy photon. Besides other applications, upconversion has the potential to decrease sub-band-gap losses in silicon solar cells. Unfortunately, upconverting materials known today show quantum yields, which are too low for this application. In order to improve the upconversion quantum yield, two parameters can be tuned using photonic structures: first, the irradiance can be increased within the structure. This is beneficial, as upconversion is a non-linear process. Second, the rates of the radiative transitions between ionic states within the upconverter material can be altered due to a varied local density of photonic states. In this paper, we present a theoretical model of the impact of a photonic structure on upconversion and test this model in a simulation based analysis of the upconverter material β -NaYF(4):20% Er(3+) within a dielectric waveguide structure. The simulation combines a finite-difference time-domain simulation model that describes the variations of the irradiance and the change of the local density of photonic states within a photonic structure, with a rate equation model of the upconversion processes. We find that averaged over the investigated structure the upconversion luminescence is increased by a factor of 3.3, and the upconversion quantum yield can be improved in average by a factor of 1.8 compared to the case without the structure for an initial irradiance of 200 Wm(-2).

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Plasmon enhanced upconversion luminescence near gold nanoparticles – simulation and analysis of the interactions: Errata

Abstract: The procedure used in our previous publication [Opt. Express 20, 271, (2012)] to calculate how coupling to a spherical gold nanoparticle changes the upconversion luminescence of Er(3+) ions contained several errors. The errors are corrected here.

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Enhanced upconversion quantum yield near spherical gold nanoparticles – a comprehensive simulation based analysis

Enhanced upconversion quantum yield near spherical gold nanoparticles – a comprehensive simulation based analysis

Large Upconversion Enhancement in the “Islands” Au–Ag Alloy/NaYF₄: Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺/Er³⁺ Composite Films, and Fingerprint Identification

Increased upconversion quantum yield in photonic structures due to local field enhancement and modification of the local density of states – a simulation-based analysis

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Plasmon enhanced upconversion luminescence near gold nanoparticles – simulation and analysis of the interactions: Errata

Abstract: The procedure used in our previous publication [Opt. Express 20, 271, (2012)] to calculate how coupling to a spherical gold nanoparticle changes the upconversion luminescence of Er(3+) ions contained several errors. The errors are corrected here.

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Enhanced upconversion quantum yield near spherical gold nanoparticles – a comprehensive simulation based analysis

Enhanced upconversion quantum yield near spherical gold nanoparticles – a comprehensive simulation based analysis

Large Upconversion Enhancement in the “Islands” Au–Ag Alloy/NaYF4: Yb3+, Tm3+/Er3+ Composite Films, and Fingerprint Identification

Increased upconversion quantum yield in photonic structures due to local field enhancement and modification of the local density of states – a simulation-based analysis

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Large Upconversion Enhancement in the “Islands” Au–Ag Alloy/NaYF₄: Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺/Er³⁺ Composite Films, and Fingerprint Identification