Plasmolyse und Deplasmolyse

Stadelmann, E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-94676-9_6

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 236 publications

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“…Plasmolysis is not only used in laboratory experiments, it has been reported to occur naturally due to extracellular water withdrawal in freezing conditions [ 44 ]. A lot of current knowledge on the water balance of plants is based on extensive studies by Stadelmann [ 5 ] and his co-workers. In this study, although the focus was maintained on the cytoskeleton, keeping in consideration that it is part of a complex ER-cytoskeleton-plasma membrane-cell wall continuum, and plays an essential role in signaling and mechanosensing [ 21 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, plasmolysis occurs in walled cell types ranging from bacteria, to fungi and finally plants [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. When large molecules with a size above the cell wall exclusion limit are used as osmotica (e.g., polyethylene glycols with a MW above 20 kDa) [ 5 ], then hyperosmolarity induces the collapse of the entire cell wall—plasma membrane continuum in a phenomenon known as cytorrhysis [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasmolysis: Loss of Turgor and Beyond

Lang

Sassmann

Schmidt

et al. 2014

Plants

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Plasmolysis is a typical response of plant cells exposed to hyperosmotic stress. The loss of turgor causes the violent detachment of the living protoplast from the cell wall. The plasmolytic process is mainly driven by the vacuole. Plasmolysis is reversible (deplasmolysis) and characteristic to living plant cells. Obviously, dramatic structural changes are required to fulfill a plasmolytic cycle. In the present paper, the fate of cortical microtubules and actin microfilaments is documented throughout a plasmolytic cycle in living cells of green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged Arabidopsis lines. While the microtubules became wavy and highly bundled during plasmolysis, cortical filamentous actin remained in close vicinity to the plasma membrane lining the sites of concave plasmolysis and adjusting readily to the diminished size of the protoplast. During deplasmolysis, cortical microtubule re-organization progressed slowly and required up to 24 h to complete the restoration of the original pre-plasmolytic pattern. Actin microfilaments, again, recovered faster and organelle movement remained intact throughout the whole process. In summary, the hydrostatic skeleton resulting from the osmotic state of the plant vacuole “overrules” the stabilization by cortical cytoskeletal elements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmolysis: Loss of Turgor and Beyond

Lang

Sassmann

Schmidt

et al. 2014

Plants

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“…According to the plasmolytic solution used, different forms of plasmolysis have been described: concave, convex, cap plasmolysis, band plasmolysis, systrophe, and the formation of subprotoplasts (reviewed by Oparka 1994). Plasmolysis and deplasmolysis were extensively studied in onion epidermis by Stadelmann (1964). Many analyses of the dynamic behavior of plant cells during plasmolysis have been made by Url (e.g., Url 1960, 1971, 1974, including a considerable number of scientific films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A plasmolytic cycle: The fate of cytoskeletal elements

Lang-Pauluzzi

Gunning

2000

Protoplasma

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Dedicated to Professor Walter Gustav Url on the occasion of his 70th birthdaySummary. In most plant cells, transfer to hypertonic solutions causes osmotic loss of water from the vacuole and detachment of the living protoplast from the cell wall (plasmolysis). This process is reversible and after removal of the plasmolytie solution, protoplasts can re-expand to their original size (deplasmolysis). We have investigated this phenomenon with special reference to cytoskeletal elements in onion inner epidermal cells. The main processes of plasmolysis seem to be membrane dependent because destabilization of cytoskeletal elements had only minor effects on plasmolysis speed and form. In most cells, the array of cortical microtubules is similar to that found in nonplasmolyzed states except that longitudinal patterns seen in some control cells were never observed in plasmolyzed protoplasts of onion inner epidermis. As soon as deplasmolysis starts, cortical microtubules become disrupted and only slowly regenerate to form an oblique array, similar to most nontreated cells. Actin microfilaments responded rapidly to the plasmolysis-induced deformation of the protoplast and adapted to its new form without marked changes in organization and structure. Both actin microfilaments and microtubules can be present in Hechtian strands, which, in plasmolyzed cells, connect the cell wall to the protoplast. Anticytoskeletal drugs did not affect the formation of Hechtian strands.

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“…The separation of the living protoplasm frotn the cell wall by water withdrawal is called plastnolysis (cf Stadelmann, 1956). This proeess takes place in a hypertonic solution of a non-(or slowly) permeating solute and is the result of the differential permeability of plastnalemma and tonoplast (Pfeffer, 1887).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuolated plant cells as ideal osmometer: reversibility and limits of plasmolysis, and estimation of protoplasm volume in control and water‐stress‐tolerant cells

Palta

Lee-Stadelmann

1983

Plant Cell & Environment

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The ostnotic behaviour of vacuolated plant cells (adaxial epidermal cells of Attium eepa bulb scales, and epidennal as well as chloroplast containing subepidermal stem base eells of Pi.sum sativum) was studied over a wide range of CaClz concentrations. The following results were obtained. a. Allium eepa and Pisum sativum plant cells behave as an ideal osmometer as far as plastnolytic contraction of the protoplast is concerned. b. The protoplasts of these cells could be plasmolysed to 15-45% of their original volutne without the loss of membrane setni-permeability. c. Cells plasmolysed in 1.0 ktnol m •* CaClj eould be completely deplasmolysed and upon deplasmolysis the eells resutned protoplastnie streaming. d. The above findings (a-c) indicate that during gradual plasmolysis and deplasmolysis membrane semi-pertneability is maintained. e. At very high plasniolysing concentrations vacuoles covered with the tonoplast separated frotn the rest of the protoplasm in some cells whereas others showed systrophy. Extruded vacuoles were able to respond to osmotic shrinkage. f. The non-solvent space in Allium eells of about 3% also eorresponded to the protoplasm volume calculated from the protoplast geotnetry (tnean frotn results of direct measurement method and subtraction method). g. Subepidermal stem base cells of water-stresstolerant PLsum plants had a 75% greater non-solvent spaee than the control cells indicating that a waterstress-tolerant cell may contain a larger amount of protoplasm and/or a vacuole with a higher eontent of colloidal material in the vacuole. h. Water-stress-tolerant eells showed greater tolerance to osmotic dehydration (volume reduction) than control cells.

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Plasmolyse und Deplasmolyse

Cited by 16 publications

References 236 publications

Plasmolysis: Loss of Turgor and Beyond

Plasmolysis: Loss of Turgor and Beyond

A plasmolytic cycle: The fate of cytoskeletal elements

Vacuolated plant cells as ideal osmometer: reversibility and limits of plasmolysis, and estimation of protoplasm volume in control and water‐stress‐tolerant cells

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