Vacuolated plant cells as ideal osmometer: reversibility and limits of plasmolysis, and estimation of protoplasm volume in control and water‐stress‐tolerant cells

Palta, Jiwan P.; Lee-Stadelmann, Ok Young

doi:10.1111/1365-3040.ep11589197

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Many plants possess the ability to acclimate to low (sub zero) temperatures and, not surprisingly, there has been a considerable research input into plant cold hardiness. Although much attention has been paid to the behaviour of the PM during freezing (Palta & Li, 1982;Sikorska & Kacperska, 1982;Yoshida, 1982) particularly in isolated protoplasts (Steponkus, 1990), the relationship between the cell wall and PM has been studied by relatively few authors. The collapse of the cell wall with the PM is a generally accepted phenomenon during extracellular freezing (Palta & Li, 1982), and Singh and Miller (1985) have suggested that this event may reduce the need for the PM to lose surface area during freeze-induced dehydration.…”

Section: Hechtian Strands May Form the Basis Of Freezing Tolerance Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It appears that caution must be exerted when comparing the behaviour of isolated cells with intact tissues. Palta & Li (1982) have suggested that plasmolysis may not in fact occur for most plants and plant organs during freezing, shrinkage and collapse of the cell wall along with the PM being the norm. However, plasmolysis appears to be a general feature following the freezing of suspension-cultured cells, a rise in external solute concentration occurring as ice crystals in the medium enlarge.…”

Section: Hechtian Strands May Form the Basis Of Freezing Tolerance Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although complete deplasmolysis can normally occur following plasmolysis, prolonged periods of severe plasmolysis can lead to subcellular mjur\', The ability to plasmolyse and deplasmolyse effectively is commonly used as a criterion of cell viability-(see Palta & Lee-Stadelmann, 1983). However, rapid plasmolysis/deplasmolysis cycles can lead to significant cellular injury unless the plasmolysing and deplasmolysing rates used are very slow.…”

Section: The Problem Definedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, rapid plasmolysis/deplasmolysis cycles can lead to significant cellular injury unless the plasmolysing and deplasmolysing rates used are very slow. For example it took Palta & Lee-Stadelmann (1983) 50 h in stepwise increasing concentrations to plasmolyse onion epidermal cells to a protoplast volume of about 15 "fj of the original internal volume., and about 90 h of deplasmolysis in stepwise decreasing concentrations for the same protoplasts to reexpand from 15% to 75%.…”

Section: The Problem Definedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the iast century, piasmolysis has been used extensiveiy as a means of studying, or measuring, a variety of physioiogical processes. These include piant-ceii water relations (Stadelmann, 1956(Stadelmann, , 1966Url, 1971;Lee-Stadeimann, Hulme & Stadeimann, 1981;Paita & Lee-Stadelmann, 1983;Adamec, 1984;Lee-Stadelmann & Stadelmann, 1989), the determination of the solute concentrations of individual ceiis (Geiger et aL, 1973 ;Evert, Fschrich & Heyser, 1977;Fisher & Evert, 1982;Russin & Evert, 1985) and as a measure of ceii viability (Stadelmann, 1966;Palta & Lee-Stadelmann, 1983). Piasmolysis has also been studied because of its role in freezing tolerance (Scarth, 1941;Levitt, 1983;JohnsonFlanagan & Singh, 1986;Singh & JohnsonFianagan, 1987;Steponkus, 1990) and has also been used as a means of disrupting interceiiular transport in order to study patterns of growth and differentiation (Carr, i976 and references therein;Kwiatkowska, 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Plasmolysis: new insights into an old process

Oparka¹

1994

New Phytologist

132

124

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SUMMARY Early microscopists made detailed observations of the phenomenon of plasmolysis, many of which have passed into the historical record without comment. This review considers the significance of these observations in the light of recent cell‐biological studies which are addressing the complex relationships between the plasma membrane (PM) and the extracellular matrix, as well as the interrelationships of the PM, endomembrane system and cytoskeleton. Emphasis is placed on the relative roles of Hechtian strand formation and PM vesiculation as mechanisms allowing the conservation of PM during a plasmolysis/deplasmolysis cycle. The behaviour of plasmodesmata during plasmolysis is considered in relation to the ability of cells to resume intercellular transport following deplasmolysis. Finally, the behaviour of cells during freeze‐induced ptesmolysis is addressed.

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Section: Hechtian Strands May Form the Basis Of Freezing Tolerance Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hechtian Strands May Form the Basis Of Freezing Tolerance Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Problem Definedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Problem Definedmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasmolysis: new insights into an old process

Oparka¹

1994

New Phytologist

132

124

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A plasmolytic cycle: The fate of cytoskeletal elements

Lang-Pauluzzi

Gunning

2000

Protoplasma

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Dedicated to Professor Walter Gustav Url on the occasion of his 70th birthdaySummary. In most plant cells, transfer to hypertonic solutions causes osmotic loss of water from the vacuole and detachment of the living protoplast from the cell wall (plasmolysis). This process is reversible and after removal of the plasmolytie solution, protoplasts can re-expand to their original size (deplasmolysis). We have investigated this phenomenon with special reference to cytoskeletal elements in onion inner epidermal cells. The main processes of plasmolysis seem to be membrane dependent because destabilization of cytoskeletal elements had only minor effects on plasmolysis speed and form. In most cells, the array of cortical microtubules is similar to that found in nonplasmolyzed states except that longitudinal patterns seen in some control cells were never observed in plasmolyzed protoplasts of onion inner epidermis. As soon as deplasmolysis starts, cortical microtubules become disrupted and only slowly regenerate to form an oblique array, similar to most nontreated cells. Actin microfilaments responded rapidly to the plasmolysis-induced deformation of the protoplast and adapted to its new form without marked changes in organization and structure. Both actin microfilaments and microtubules can be present in Hechtian strands, which, in plasmolyzed cells, connect the cell wall to the protoplast. Anticytoskeletal drugs did not affect the formation of Hechtian strands.

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