Plasmodium vivax: Recombination Between Potential Allelic Types of the Merozoite Surface Protein MSP1 in Parasites Isolated from Patients

Premawansa, Sunil; Snewin, Valerie A.; Khouri, E.; Mendis, Kamini; David, Peterh .

doi:10.1006/expr.1993.1022

Cited by 53 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…The variable blocks of PbMSP-1 exhibit less intra-species variation than MSP-1 from P. falciparum [13,[41][42][43], P. 6i6ax [31,44,45] or P. chabaudi [16,17]. A lower level of intra-species variability in P. berghei as compared to other rodent Plasmodium species was also observed using isozyme analysis [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The complete sequence of Plasmodium berghei merozoite surface protein-1 and its inter- and intra-species variability

Jennings

Toebe

Belkum

et al. 1998

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

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The complete gene for merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) from Plasmodium berghei has been cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the P. berghei MSP-1 sequence with MSP-1 from other rodent parasites reveals five conserved domains interrupted by four variable blocks. These variable blocks exhibit no sequence homology but do have similar amino acid compositions. Primary proteolytic processing sites are located near the boundaries between the conserved domains and the variable blocks. Sequencing of the variable blocks from several P. berghei isolates shows that the predominant intra-species difference is in the number of tandem repeats. The inter-and intra-species differences suggest that the variable blocks are localized areas with relatively high levels of slipped-strand mispairing, unequal crossing-over, or other intragenic recombination activity. MSP-1 from P. berghei exhibits more repetitiveness than MSP-1 from other species suggesting that P. berghei experiences a higher intrinsic level of events producing variable numbers of tandem repeats or a lower level of events leading to the degeneration of tandem repeats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The complete sequence of Plasmodium berghei merozoite surface protein-1 and its inter- and intra-species variability

Jennings

Toebe

Belkum

et al. 1998

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

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“…9 For the P. vivax MSP-1 gene, the variable region between interspecies conserved blocks 5 and 6 has been used to genotype P. vivax isolates from many different geographic regions, where at least five types have been discovered. [10][11][12][13][14][15] These studies demonstrate the high levels of heterogeneity of P. vivax field populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Genetic Diversity and Multiple Infections of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Western Thailand

Cui

Mascorro

Fan

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

133

127

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Abstract. Using two polymorphic genetic markers, the merozoite surface protein-3␣ (MSP-3␣) and the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), we investigated the population diversity of Plasmodium vivax in Mae Sod, Thailand from April 2000 through June 2001. Genotyping the parasites isolated from 90 malaria patients attending two local clinics for the dimorphic CSP gene revealed that the majority of the parasites (77%) were the VK210 type. Genotyping the MSP3-␣ gene indicated that P. vivax populations exhibited an equally high level of polymorphism as those from Papua New Guinea, a hyperendemic region. Based on the length of polymerase chain reaction products, three major types of the MSP-3␣ locus were distinguished, with frequencies of 74.8%, 18.7%, and 6.5%, respectively. The 13 alleles distinguished by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis did not show a significant seasonal variation in frequency. Genotyping the MSP-3␣ and CSP genes showed that 19.3% and 25.6% of the patients had multiple infections, respectively, and the combined rate was 35.6%. Comparisons of MSP-3␣ sequences from nine clones further confirmed the high level of genetic diversity of the parasite and also suggested that geographic isolation may exist. These results strongly indicate that P. vivax populations are highly diverse and multiple clonal infections are common in this malaria-hypoendemic region of Thailand.

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“…29,30 The assay was carried out as previously described using Hotstar master mix (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), 800 nM of the forward and reverse primers, and 2 μL of parasite DNA in each reaction. The PCR products were run on a 1.8% agarose gel with the presence of mixed genotypes determined by size polymorphisms ( Figure 1B and C).…”

Section: 17mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium vivax Isolates from Cambodia and Thailand Show High Genetic Complexity and Distinct Patterns of P. vivax Multidrug Resistance Gene 1 (pvmdr1) Polymorphisms

Lin¹,

Patel²,

Kharabora³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Plasmodium vivax accounts for an increasing fraction of malaria infections in Thailand and Cambodia. We compared P. vivax genetic complexity and antimalarial resistance patterns in the two countries. Use of a heteroduplex tracking assay targeting the merozoite surface protein 1 gene revealed that vivax infections in both countries are frequently polyclonal (84%), with parasites that are highly diverse (H E = 0.86) but closely related (G ST = 0.18). Following a history of different drug policies in Thailand and Cambodia, distinct patterns of antimalarial resistance have emerged: most Cambodian isolates harbor the P. vivax multidrug resistance gene 1 ( pvmdr1) 976F mutation associated with chloroquine resistance (89% versus 8%, P 0.001), whereas Thai isolates more often display increased pvmdr1 copy number (39% versus 4%, P 0.001). Finally, genotyping of paired isolates from individuals suspected of suffering relapse supports a complex scheme of relapse whereby recurrence of multiple identical variants is sometimes accompanied by the appearance of novel variants.

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Plasmodium vivax: Recombination Between Potential Allelic Types of the Merozoite Surface Protein MSP1 in Parasites Isolated from Patients

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

The complete sequence of Plasmodium berghei merozoite surface protein-1 and its inter- and intra-species variability

The complete sequence of Plasmodium berghei merozoite surface protein-1 and its inter- and intra-species variability

Genetic Diversity and Multiple Infections of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Western Thailand

Plasmodium vivax Isolates from Cambodia and Thailand Show High Genetic Complexity and Distinct Patterns of P. vivax Multidrug Resistance Gene 1 (pvmdr1) Polymorphisms

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