Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 Gene 4G/5G Polymorphism Is Associated with Hypertensive Patients in the Turkish Population

Abstract

This study has been performed on hypertensive patients in the Turkish population to determine the frequency of 4G/5G polymorphism genotypes of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene and with the aim of examining the role of this polymorphism in hypertension development. Genomic DNA obtained from 284 persons (176 patients with hypertension and 108 healthy controls) was used in the study. DNA was multiplied by polymerase chain reaction using 4G and 5G allele-specific primers. Polymerase chain reaction products were assessed by being exposed to 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results were evaluated with the chi-square test. The 4G allele frequency was 31.25% and the 5G allele frequency was 68.75% in patients, whereas it was 49/51% in a control group. 5G5G genotype was found statistically high (p < 0.001) in patients relative to controls. This study showed that the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism and the 5G5G genotype appear to be associated with an elevated risk of developing hypertension in a representative sample of Turkish population.

Lack of association between plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) gene 4G/5G polymorphism and osteoarthritis

“…However, in a study with hypertension patients, 4G allel frequency was 31.25% and 5G allel frequency found 68.75%, and as for the control group, it was 49-51%, respectively. 5G5G genotype was found statistically high in hypertensive Turkish patients relative to controls [10].…”

“…According to previous studies, PAI-1 levels are related to a polymorphism created by the guanosine insertion/deletion variation (4G or 5G) on the 675 base upstream of transcriptional start area of the gene (accession number: P05121), which codes PAI-1 (serpin-1) protein. Plasma PAI-1 levels of the 4G4G homozygous individuals are found to be higher compared with 4G5G heterozygous and 5G5G homozygous individuals [10]. In literature, a study explaining the relationship between OA, PAI-1 gene, and 4G/5G polymorphism has not been come across.…”

The Association Between Development and Progression of Multinodular Goiter and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene D727E and P52T Polymorphisms

“…The study of Cuddihy et al (1996) also supports the relationship between Grave's disease and the TSHR gene P52T polymorphism. This inconsistency in the results can be explained by the fact that the diversities in gene pools, lifestyle, and gene-environment interactions may not be reflected to the genotypes of each population in a similar manner (Cosan et al, 2009;Gunes et al, 2010;Bayram et al, 2012). Although MNG has a very high frequency in female individuals than in male individuals, no differences have been found between the genders in terms of the genotype distribution of the TSHR gene D727E and P52T polymorphisms.…”

“…This polymorphism results in TSH stimulation with no effect on serum TSH levels (Tonacchera and Pinchera, 2000;Krohn et al, 2005). However, gene pools, lifestyles, and the gene-environment interactions vary between populations (Cosan et al, 2009;Gunes et al, 2010). The present study was therefore aimed to determine the allele frequencies and genotype distributions of the TSHR gene D727E and P52T polymorphisms and effects of these polymorphisms on TSH levels, as well as to evidence that whether these polymorphisms have a role in the development and progression of MNG in a Turkish population residing in the province of Mus, which is considered to be endemic for goiter.…”

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 Gene 4G/5G Polymorphism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

“…In studies carried out, it was determined that PAI-1 levels are related to a polymorphism created by the guanosine insertion/deletion variation (4G or 5G) in the 675 base upstream of transcriptional start area of the gene (accession number: P05121), which codes for the PAI-1 (serpin-1) protein. Plasma PAI-1 levels of 4G4G homozygous individuals are found to be higher compared with 4G5G heterozygous and 5G5G homozygous individuals (Gunes et al, 2010). Based on these findings, the aims of this study were to determine whether or not PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism genotypes are one of the markers of PCOS development and to find the distribution of PAI-1 gene 4G/5G genotypes in Turkish PCOS patients.…”