Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli in Sarawak Rivers and Aquaculture Farms, Northwest of Borneo

Lihan, Samuel; Lee, Sai Y.; Toh, Seng Chiew; Leong, Sui Sien

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10070776

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The result was in agreement with Turnipseed et al (2018), who detected a high level of amoxicillin residue in catfish, trout, and even in salmon farms by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) screening in Europe. 85.3% of amoxicillin resistant E. coli detected in the study was lower as compared to Lihan et al (2021), who stated 100% amoxicillin resistance detected in E. coli isolated from aquaculture farms in…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Thiang et al ( 2021) indicated a wide distribution of antibiotics used in most aquaculture farms in Malaysia and become a resistance hotspot in promoting the growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antibiotics residue in manure and other waste-based fertilizers may run off into waterways by exchanging resistance genes and altering the microbial community in water and sediment (Lihan et al, 2021). Thus, it may contribute to antibiotic resistance bacteria cases in our study.…”

Section: Fisheries and Aquatic Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…They are the only commercial farms accessible in the area. E. coli is an opportunistic pathogen that can endure well in an aquatic system and is exceptionally proficient at horizontal gene transfer, which is considered as the vector for dissemination of antibiotic resistance (Javadi et al, 2017;Lihan et al, 2021). Odonkor & Addo (2018) have found that most antibiotic resistant E. coli can transmit their antibiotic resistance to other waterborne pathogens in drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of chloramphenicol-resistant gene in Escherichia coli from water sources in aquaculture farms and rivers of Kuching, Northwestern Borneo

Leong¹,

Lihan²,

Toh³

2022

Fish Aquat Sci

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Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli cases are increasing high especially in Southeast Asia. Illegal use of the antibiotic in the aquaculture farming may become the culprit of the outbreak and spread into environmental source. A study was conducted to: 1) detect the chloramphenicol (CAL)-resistant gene in E. coli isolated from three aquaculture farms and six rivers of northwestern Borneo and 2) investigate the correlation between cat gene with five common antibiotics used. Isolation of E. coli was done on Eosin methylene blue agar and characterized using indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate tests. E. coli isolates were subsequently tested for their susceptibility to five antibiotics commonly used in aqua-farming. The CAL-resistant E. coli were further analyzed for the presence of resistant genes (cat I, cat II, cat III, cat IV) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. 42 bacterial colonies were isolated from a total of 80 individual water samples, 34 of which were identified as E. coli. Result showed 85.3% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, 35.3% were resistant to tetracycline, 29.4% were resistant to CAL, 17.6% were resistant to nitrofurantoin and 8.8% were resistant to nalidixic acid. All of the 10 CAL resistant E. coli isolateswere detected with cat II genes; five isolates detected with cat IV genes; three isolates detected with cat III genes; and another two detected with cat I genes. Pearson correlation coefficient shows highly significant relationship between resistance pattern of CAL with amoxicillin; and CAL with tetracycline. Our findings provide the supplementary information of the CAL resistance gene distribution, thereby improving our understanding of the potential risk of antibiotic resistance underlying within this microbial ecosystem.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Fisheries and Aquatic Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of chloramphenicol-resistant gene in Escherichia coli from water sources in aquaculture farms and rivers of Kuching, Northwestern Borneo

Leong¹,

Lihan²,

Toh³

2022

Fish Aquat Sci

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“…According to the study of Ng et al (47), it was found that 33 multi-drug-resistant E. coli were isolated from surface waters in aquaculture sites of Singapore. Lihan et al (48) investigated the antibiotic-resistant E. coli from Sarawak rivers and aquaculture farms in northwest of Borneo. They found that resistance to piperacillin (100%) was observed in all E. coli isolates, resistance to amoxicillin (100%) and ampicillin (100%) was observed in E. coli isolated from aquaculture farms, and resistance to streptomycin (93%) was observed in E. coli isolated from rivers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli From Aquaculture Farms and Their Environment in Zhanjiang, China

et al. 2021

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major concern worldwide. To evaluate the AMR of Escherichia coli in aquaculture farms of Zhanjiang, China, a total of 90 samples from the water, soil, and sediment of three aquaculture farms (farms I, II, and III) in Zhanjiang were collected, and 90 strains of E. coli were isolated for drug resistance analysis and AMR gene detection. The results indicated that the isolated 90 strains of E. coli have high resistance rates to penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, compound sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and rifampin (≥70%). Among these antimicrobial drugs, the resistance rate to rifampicin is as high as 100%. Among the isolated 90 strains of E. coli, all of them were resistant to more than two kinds of antimicrobial drugs, the number of strains resistant to nine kinds of drugs was the largest (19 strains), and the most resistant strain showed resistance to 16 kinds of antibacterial drugs. Regarding the AMR genes, among the three aquaculture farms, the most resistance genes were detected in farm II (28 species). The detection rate of blaTEM, blaCIT, blaNDM, floR, OptrA, cmlA, aphA1, Sul2, oqxA, and qnrS in 90 isolates of E. coli was high (≥50%). The detection rate of carbapenem-resistant genes, such as blaKPC, blaIMP, and cfr, was relatively lower ( ≤ 30%), and the detection rate of mcr2 was the lowest (0). At least four AMR genes were detected for each strain, and 15 AMR genes were detected at most. Among them, the number of strains that carried 10 AMR genes was the largest (15 strains). Finally, a correlation analysis found that the AMR genes including blaTEM, blaCIT, floR, OptrA, cmlA, aac(3)-II, Sul2, ereA, ermB, oqxB, qnrA, mcr1, and mcr2 had a high correlation rate with drug resistance (≥50%). To summarize, the 90 strains of E. coli isolated from water, surrounding soil, and sediment samples showed resistance to multi-antimicrobial drugs and carried various antimicrobial resistance genes. Thus, it is essential to strengthen the rational use of antimicrobial drugs, especially the amide alcohol drugs, and control the AMR in the aquaculture industry of Zhanjiang, China.

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“…industry, sewage, dams etc.) (Martin et al, 2018;Prabakaran et al, 2020;Lihan et al, 50 2021; Liong et al, 2021). Enhanced sediment delivery to rivers and coasts results in decreased light availability through increased turbidity and light attenuation (Storlazzi et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Massive corals record deforestation in Malaysian Borneo through sediments in river discharge

Naciri

Boom

Payne

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Logging of tropical primary forests is a widely acknowledged global issue threatening biodiversity hotspots and indigenous communities leading to significant land erosion and decreased soil stability. The downstream effects of logging on human coastal communities include poor water quality and increased sedimentation. Quantifying the impacts of historical deforestation within a watershed requires accurate data from river discharge or satellite images, which are rarely available prior to the 1980’s. In the absence of these in-situ measurements, proxies have successfully produced accurate, long-range, historical records of temperature, hydrological balance, and sediment discharge in coastal and oceanic environments. We present a 30 year, monthly resolved Ba/Ca proxy record of sediment in river discharge as measured from the skeletal remains of massive corals Porites sp. from northern Malaysian Borneo. We make the comparison with local instrumental hydrology data, river discharge and rainfall, to test the reliability of the Ba/Cacoral proxy. Our results show that averaging five records into two composites results in significant positive correlations with river discharge (r = 0.5 and r = 0.59) as well as a difference in correlations strength coherent with distance from the river mouth, with the composite closer to the river mouth displaying a higher correlation. More importantly, Porites sp. corals from this region recorded a very similar upward trend to that of river discharge on multi decennial time scales. The lack of similar increase, and overall stability in the precipitation record suggests that the river discharge’s trend recorded by corals is linked to the increasing land use associated with ever–growing deforestation. We argue that massive corals in this region are therefore valuable archives of past hydrological conditions and accurately reflect changes in land use patterns.

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Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli in Sarawak Rivers and Aquaculture Farms, Northwest of Borneo

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Prevalence of chloramphenicol-resistant gene in Escherichia coli from water sources in aquaculture farms and rivers of Kuching, Northwestern Borneo

Prevalence of chloramphenicol-resistant gene in Escherichia coli from water sources in aquaculture farms and rivers of Kuching, Northwestern Borneo

Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli From Aquaculture Farms and Their Environment in Zhanjiang, China

Massive corals record deforestation in Malaysian Borneo through sediments in river discharge

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