Massive corals record deforestation in Malaysian Borneo through sediments in river discharge

Abstract

Abstract. Logging of tropical primary forests is a widely acknowledged global issue threatening biodiversity hotspots and indigenous communities leading to significant land erosion and decreased soil stability. The downstream effects of logging on human coastal communities include poor water quality and increased sedimentation. Quantifying the impacts of historical deforestation within a watershed requires accurate data from river discharge or satellite images, which are rarely available prior to the 1980’s. In the absence of these in-situ measurements, proxies have successfully produced accurate, long-range, historical records of temperature, hydrological balance, and sediment discharge in coastal and oceanic environments. We present a 30 year, monthly resolved Ba/Ca proxy record of sediment in river discharge as measured from the skeletal remains of massive corals Porites sp. from northern Malaysian Borneo. We make the comparison with local instrumental hydrology data, river discharge and rainfall, to test the reliability of the Ba/Cacoral proxy. Our results show that averaging five records into two composites results in significant positive correlations with river discharge (r = 0.5 and r = 0.59) as well as a difference in correlations strength coherent with distance from the river mouth, with the composite closer to the river mouth displaying a higher correlation. More importantly, Porites sp. corals from this region recorded a very similar upward trend to that of river discharge on multi decennial time scales. The lack of similar increase, and overall stability in the precipitation record suggests that the river discharge’s trend recorded by corals is linked to the increasing land use associated with ever–growing deforestation. We argue that massive corals in this region are therefore valuable archives of past hydrological conditions and accurately reflect changes in land use patterns.

Spatial and temporal variations of geochemical processes and toxicity of water, sediments, and suspended solids in Sibuti River Estuary, NW Borneo

“…The rainfall in the study area follows a similar pattern as regional and is mainly regulated by PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) as mentioned before bringing two monsoon seasons in a year such as southwest monsoon (SWM) and northeast monsoon (NEM). This monsoonal effect is mainly responsible for the hydrological balance in this region and for controlling the river run-offs (Krawczyk et al 2020 ; Naciri et al 2023 ; Browne et al 2019 ). Similarly, the NE monsoon is associated with higher rainfall than the SW monsoon.…”