Plasmid DNA and viral vector-based vaccines for the treatment of cancer

How can Improve DNA Vaccine Modalities as a Therapeutic Approach against HIV Infections?

“…In addition, DNA plasmids stimulate the innate immune system by interacting with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR 9). This non-specific immune response enhances the antigen-specific immune responses [12]. The DNA fusion vaccine strategy has proved to be efficient against a variety of antigens using various molecules with different immunological properties or functions.…”

“…In an heterologous boost, because the priming and boosting vectors are different, T cells that specifically target the viral vector are not boosted and do not activate cell number control mechanisms, therefore allowing for greater development of the disease antigen-specific T cell populations [11]. Several groups have now established that heterologous prime-boost regimens are the most potent strategies to induce cellular immune responses [12,50]. In a plasmid DNA vaccine priming and viral vector boosting regimen, the order of DNA followed by recombinant virus is important, as the reverse order did not induce higher levels of antigenspecific CD8 + T cells.…”

“…In a plasmid DNA vaccine priming and viral vector boosting regimen, the order of DNA followed by recombinant virus is important, as the reverse order did not induce higher levels of antigenspecific CD8 + T cells. It seems that the cytokine micro-environment created by a local virus infection during boosting is responsible for the efficient expansion of effector T cells [12]. In 2004, a consecutive immunization strategy involving priming with DNA and boosting with recombinant fowlpoxvirus (rFPV) vaccines encoding multiple common HIV-1 antigens was evaluated in 30 macaques.…”

“…The direct transfection of Langerhans cells is thought to elicit immune responses with very small doses of plasmid DNA (~1-10 μg). For example, the immunogenicity of intramuscular plasmid DNA injection could be developed by electroporation [12]. Heterologous prime-boost regimens are also especially potent at inducing cellular immune responses and have been used to solve the issue of pre-existing vector immunity.…”

“…The advantage of heterologous prime-boost immunization regimens to induce robust antigen-specific CD8 + T cells has been confirmed in many preclinical models. In humans, heterologous prime-boost immunization regimens are currently being tested for cancer (melanoma, colon carcinoma, prostate carcinoma) and infectious diseases [12]. avoided with DNA-based vaccines.…”