Plasmachemical methods of energy carrier production

Plasma-based conversion of CO2: current status and future challenges

“…Moreover, our calculations predict that a shorter 30 residence time favours a higher energy efficiency, because in that case the time for VT relaxation, which depopulates the vibrational levels, is longer than the residence time of the gas within the plasma. This corresponds well with the fact that the highest energy efficiencies were reported at supersonic flow conditions [32,35]. Fig.…”

“…As this stepwise vibrational excitation process, or so-called ladder climbing process, requires significantly less energy than direct electron impact excitation-dissociation from the CO 2 ground state, this explains the much better energy efficiency in the MW plasma compared to the DBD reactor. 35 However, this good energy efficiency is obtained at moderate pressure (order of 3000 Pa), and this was also the case for the experimental data published in literature (e.g., [32,35]). This is not so practical for high-throughput processing of exhaust gases.…”

“…The best energy efficiencies obtained experimentally in a MW plasma at moderate 5 pressure were 80% in subsonic flow, and up to 90% in supersonic flow conditions [6,32]. These results were obtained in 1983, and to our knowledge, nobody was able yet to reproduce them since then.…”

“…The highest energy efficiency was reported for a MW plasma, i.e., up to 90% [32], but this was under very specific conditions, i.e., supersonic gas flow and 40 reduced pressure (~100-200 Torr), and a pressure increase to atmospheric pressure, which would be desirable for industrial applications, yields a dramatic drop in energy efficiency. Indeed, at normal flow conditions and atmospheric pressure, an energy This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry [year] efficiency up to 40% was reported [6].…”

Hydrogen sulfide dissociation in ozonizer discharges and operation of ozonizers at elevated temperatures

“…The initial products, S and H atoms, stabilize by recombination to H 2 and S, entities [reactions (2) and (3)]. The yields y% and y,, of H2S conversion are strongly influenced by the reverse reactions.…”