Plasma–wall interaction studies within the EUROfusion consortium: progress on plasma-facing components development and qualification

Brezinsek, S.; Coenen, J. W.; Schwarz-Selinger, T.; Schmid, K.; Kirschner, A.; Hakola, A.; Tabarés, F.L.; Meiden, H.J. van der; Mayoral, M.‐L.; Reinhart, M.; Tsitrone, E.; Ahlgren, T.; Aints, M.; Airila, Markus; Almaviva, S.; Alves, E.; Angot, Thierry; Anita, V.; Arredondo, R.; Aumayr, F.; Balden, M.; Bauer, J. M.; Yaala, M. Ben; Berger, Bernhard M.; Bisson, Régis; Björkas, C.; Radović, Iva Bogdanović; Borodin, D.; Bucalossi, J.; Butikova, Jeļena; Butoi, Bogdan; Čadeź, I.; Caniello, R.; Caneve, L.; Cartry, Gilles; Catarino, N.; Čekada, Miha; Ciraolo, Guido; Ciupiński, Ł.; Colao, F.; Corre, Y.; Costin, C.; Craciunescu, T.; Cremona, A.; Angeli, M. De; Castro, Alfonso; Dejarnac, R.; Dellasega, David; Dincă, P.; Dittmar, T.; Dobrea, Cosmin; Hansen, P.; Drenik, A.; Eich, T.; Elgeti, S.; Falie, D.; Fedorczak, N.; Ferro, Y.; Fornal, T.; Fortuna-Zaleśna, E.; Gao, L.; Gąsior, P.; Gherendi, M.; Ghezzi, F.; Gosar, Žiga; Greuner, H.; Grigore, E.; Grisolia, C.; Groth, M.; Gruca, M.; Grzonka, J.; Gunn, J.; Hassouni, K.; Heinola, K.; Höschen, T.; Huber, S.; Jacob, W.; Jepu, I.; Jiang, Xi; Jõgi, Indrek; Kaiser, Alexander; Karhunen, J.; Kelemen, Mitja; Köppen, M.; Koslowski, H. R.; Kreter, A.; Kubkowska, M.; Laan, M.; Laguardia, L.; Lahtinen, A.; Lasa, A.; Lazic, V.; Lemahieu, Nathan; Likonen, J.; Linke, J.; Litnovsky, A.; Linsmeier, Ch.; Loewenhoff, Thorsten; Lungu, C. P.; Lungu, M.; Maddaluno, G.; Maier, H.; Makkonen, T.; Manhard, A.; Marandet, Y.; Markelj, S.; Marot, L.; Martin, Céline; Martín-Rojo, A.B.; Martynova, Y.; Mateus, R.; Matveev, D.; Mayer, M.; Meisl, G.; Mellet, N.; Michau, Armelle; Miettunen, J.; Möller, S.; Morgan, T.W.; Mougenot, Jonathan; Mozetič, Miran; Nemanič, Vincenc; Neu, R.; Nordlund, K.; Oberkofler, M.; Oyarzábal, E.; Panjan, Matjaž; Pardanaud, C.; Paris, P.; Passoni, M.; Pégouriè, B.; Pelicon, Primož; Petersson, P.; Piip, K.; Pintsuk, G.; Pompilian, G.O.; Popa, G.; Poroşnicu, C.; Primc, Gregor; Probst, Michael; Räisänen, J.; Rasiński, M.; Ratynskaia, S.; Reiser, D.; Ricci, D.; Richou, M.; Riesch, J.; Riva, G.; Rosiński, M.; Roubin, P.; Rubel, M.; Ruset, C.; Safi, E.; Sergienko, G.; Siketić, Zdravko; Sima, A.; Spilker, B.; Stadlmayr, R.; Steudel, I.; Ström, Petter; Tadić, Tonči; Tafalla, D.; Tāle, I.; Terentyev, D.; Terra, A.; Tiron, Vasile; Tiseanu, Ion; Tolias, Panagiotis; Tskhakaya, D.; Uccello, A.; Unterberg, B.; Uytdenhoven, I.; Vassallo, E.; Vavpetič, Primož; Veis, P.; Velicu, Ioana–Laura; Vernimmen, J.W.M.; Voitkans, Andris; Toussaint, U. von; Weckmann, Armin; Wirtz, M.; Založnik, A.; Zaplotnik, Rok; contributors, WP Pfc

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/aa796e

Cited by 93 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Transient plasma loading can also be compared to laser loading using a high-power welding laser (LASAG FLS 352-302) to generate 0.1-3 ms heating pulses on the target. As such, Magnum-PSI, together with other linear plasma generators and laboratory heat facilities [3] are deemed essential to predict plasma facing component (PFC) performance at high particle fluence (> 10 27 D + m -2 ) and high number of thermal cycles (>10 6 ELM-like events) within the EUROfusion consortium [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-fluence and high-flux performance characteristics of the superconducting Magnum-PSI linear plasma facility

Eck

Akkermans

Westen

et al. 2019

Fusion Engineering and Design

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The Magnum-PSI facility is available for plasma-material interaction studies. • Magnum-PSI is capable to reach relevant plasma parameters for the ITER divertor. • Particle fluxes over 10 25 m-2 s-1 and heat fluxes of up to 50 MWm-2 are obtained. • Particle fluences of up to 10 30 particles m-2 have been achieved. • Linear regression and artificial neural network analysis have been applied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-fluence and high-flux performance characteristics of the superconducting Magnum-PSI linear plasma facility

Eck

Akkermans

Westen

et al. 2019

Fusion Engineering and Design

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“…Electron beams [12][13][14][15], pulsed lasers [16][17][18][19][20] and plasma generators [16,21,22] are usually exploited at the laboratory scale as dedicated facilities for the high heat flux testing of W PFCs, both in the bulk or in the coating form, under ITERrelevant transient conditions. These techniques usually rely on the use of temporal rectangular pulsed beams with a comparable pulse duration of plasma transient events (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosecond laser pulses for mimicking thermal effects on nanostructured tungsten-based materials

et al. 2018

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In this work, we exploit nanosecond laser irradiation as a compact solution for investigating the thermomechanical behavior of tungsten materials under extreme thermal loads at the laboratory scale. Heat flux factor thresholds for various thermal effects, such as melting, cracking and recrystallization, are determined under both single and multishot experiments. The use of nanosecond lasers for mimicking thermal effects induced on W by fusionrelevant thermal loads is thus validated by direct comparison of the thresholds obtained in this work and the ones reported in the literature for electron beams and millisecond laser irradiation. Numerical simulations of temperature and thermal stress performed on a 2D thermomechanical code are used to predict the heat flux factor thresholds of the different thermal effects. We also investigate the thermal effect thresholds of various nanostructured W coatings. These coatings are produced by pulsed laser deposition, mimicking W coatings in tokamaks and W redeposited layers. All the coatings show lower damage thresholds with respect to bulk W. In general, thresholds decrease as the porosity degree of the materials increases. We thus propose a model to predict these thresholds for coatings with various morphologies, simply based on their porosity degree, which can be directly estimated by measuring the variation of the coating mass density with respect to that of the bulk.

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“…There is therefore need to determine the outcomes arising from the modifications in dedicated experiments to predict the properties and lifetimes of the irradiated PFCs. To this purpose, W-O coatings loaded with deuterium or helium (He) and resembling re-deposited layers on PFCs in W-based fusion devices are being produced under the EUROfusion consortium [4][5][6]. The present work reports part of the activities aiming the production of W-O coatings loaded by He in order to develop W(He)-based materials by ion implantation similar to deposits observed in tokamaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helium load on W-O coatings grown by pulsed laser deposition

Mateus

Dellasega

Passoni

et al. 2018

Surface and Coatings Technology

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W-O deposits with complex morphologies and significant He contents will growth on the surface of plasma facing components exposed to He discharges. To mimic the re/co-deposition process, W-O coatings were loaded with He by implanting He + ions on W films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The use of appropriate PLD experimental parameters such as pressurised Ar or He background atmospheres induces the deposition of porous or compact W structures enhancing afterwards the gathering of different amounts of O under exposure to atmospheric air. After multiple ion implantation stages using 150 keV, 100 keV and 50 keV incident He + ion beams with a total fluence of 5 x 10 17 ion/cm 2 , significant amounts of He were identified in porous coatings by Rutherford backscattering (RBS). Time-of-flight elastic recoil detection (ToF-ERDA) measurements showed that most of the implanted He was already released from the porous coatings five month after implantation, while for the case of compact layers the He content remains significant at deeper layers and smoothly decrease towards the surface, as result of a different morphology and nanostructure. The proposed method involving PLD and ion implantation seems adequate to produce W-O films load by He that may be used as reference samples for fusion investigations.

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Plasma–wall interaction studies within the EUROfusion consortium: progress on plasma-facing components development and qualification

Cited by 93 publications

References 47 publications

High-fluence and high-flux performance characteristics of the superconducting Magnum-PSI linear plasma facility

High-fluence and high-flux performance characteristics of the superconducting Magnum-PSI linear plasma facility

Nanosecond laser pulses for mimicking thermal effects on nanostructured tungsten-based materials

Helium load on W-O coatings grown by pulsed laser deposition

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