Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation. Lupus nephritis is a severe manifestation of SLE affecting about 50% of SLE patients with high morbidity and mortality. Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory properties. Adiponectin could be a factor linking inflammation in SLE and lupus nephritis (LN). Aim of the Work: To assess the level of serum & urinary adiponectin in SLE patients and to detect any relation between serum & urinary adiponectin levels and SLE activity and lupus nephritis. Subjects and Methods: This study included 30 female SLE patients and 15 female age matched healthy controls. SLE patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations of SLE & LN. Disease activity and renal involvement were assessed using SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and Renal SLEDAI respectively. Patients were divided into active versus inactive and LN versus non-LN. Renal biopsies were taken from LN subgroup. Serum & urinary levels of adiponectin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all subjects. Results: Significantly higher serum & urinary adiponectin level was found in SLE patients when compared with controls.