Plasma total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and risk of aggressive prostate cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort

Jacobs, Eric J.; Stevens, Victoria L.; Newton, Christina C.; Gapstur, Susan M.

doi:10.1007/s10552-012-0006-y

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(7) July 2015 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Preventionand 10 cohort studies) were included in this analysis (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). In the 14 included studies, the retrospective cohort study by Farwell and colleagues (18) was also included because it prospectively measured serum cholesterol levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some epidemiologic studies and preclinical models also suggest that high levels of cholesterol in blood may be associated with the risk of prostate cancer (6). However, the findings from these epidemiologic studies are inconsistent (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), as some studies have reported that high levels of cholesterol increased risk of prostate cancer (15,16,18), and some studies have reported no association between cholesterol and risk of prostate cancer (10-14, 17, 19, 21-23). Moreover, high cholesterol has been proposed to be closely associated to late-stage prostate cancer, and cholesterol may play a promotional role in late-stage prostate cancer development and progression (11,15,18,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholesterol Levels in Blood and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis of 14 Prospective Studies

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: As a neutral lipid and prominent component of the Western diet, cholesterol levels might be a risk factor for prostate cancer. However, current evidence has been inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between blood cholesterol levels and the risk of prostate cancer.Methods: An extensive search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE for prospective studies that have reported the association between total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels in blood and risk of prostate cancer. Random-effects models were used to summarize the study-specific results.Results: Fourteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, the summarized risk ratios (RR) for the highest to lowest cholesterol levels were as follows: 1.05 [95%

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol Levels in Blood and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis of 14 Prospective Studies

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…While epidemiologic evidence does not support an association between serum cholesterol levels and risk of total PC [8, 9], there is a suggestion that elevated cholesterol may be associated with increased risk of aggressive disease [8, 10–12], although not all studies have reported this finding [9, 13–15]. There is mixed evidence for an association between serum cholesterol levels and risk of PC progression, with some studies reporting positive associations between elevated cholesterol and risk of PC recurrence [16] and mortality [17, 18], while another study reported no association with risk of PC mortality [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fewer studies examined the association between cholesterol subfractions —low and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL, respectively) — and PC. While there is some evidence that elevated LDL [12, 20] and low HDL [10, 21] are associated with increased risk of aggressive PC, not all studies reported these findings [13, 15, 22], and the association between cholesterol subfractions and risk of PC recurrence has not been widely studied. Finally, evidence for an association between serum triglycerides and PC recurrence is mixed [14, 23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Lipid Profile and Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence: Results from the SEARCH Database

Allott

Howard

Cooperberg

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

125

108

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Background: Evidence for an association between total cholesterol, low-and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL, respectively), triglycerides, and prostate cancer is conflicting. Given that prostate cancer and dyslipidemia affect large proportions of Western society, understanding these associations has public health importance.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 843 radical prostatectomy (RP) patients who never used statins before surgery within the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to investigate the association between cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides and biochemical recurrence risk. In secondary analysis, we explored these associations in patients with dyslipidemia, defined using National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines.Results: Elevated serum triglycerides were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer recurrence [HR per 10 mg/dl , 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.05] but associations between total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, and recurrence risk were null. However, among men with dyslipidemia, each 10 mg/dl increase in cholesterol and HDL was associated with 9% increased recurrence risk (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17) and 39% reduced recurrence risk (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.41-0.91), respectively.Conclusions: Elevated serum triglycerides were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer recurrence. Cholesterol, LDL, or HDL were not associated with recurrence risk among all men. However, among men with dyslipidemia, elevated cholesterol and HDL levels were associated with increased and decreased risk of recurrence, respectively.Impact: These findings, coupled with evidence that statin use is associated with reduced recurrence risk, suggest that lipid levels should be explored as a modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2349-56. Ó2014 AACR.

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“…A 3-year fol-low up of 14,241 men at risk (46) found that neither the total CH, nor LDL-C or HDL-C were associated with the risk of progressive prostate cancer. A meta-analysis of 6 RCTs and 13 observational studies did not reveal any association between statin use and prostate cancer (47).…”

Section: Evidence Against a Low Cholesterol Being Associated With Cancermentioning

confidence: 98%

Understanding cholesterol: high is bad but too low may also be risky – is low cholesterol associated with cancer?

Simko¹,

Гинтер²

2014

BLL

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Cholesterol (CH) is a vital component of cell membranes and of their function. It is entirely justifi ed to warn against haphazard aggressive CH lowering, especially now, when more effective CH-modifying medications are entering the market. Enormous success in lowering the human toll of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) by treating abnormally elevated lipids may be off set by the therapeutic risk. There are warning reports that low cholesterol is associated with malignity. There is a pressing need to evaluate all reports related to the risk of low CH body stores. New cholesterol management guidelines presented by American professional cardiology societies in November 2013 have reinforced the need to critically evaluate the management with statins and with other CH lowering medications (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 58). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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Plasma total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and risk of aggressive prostate cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Cholesterol Levels in Blood and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis of 14 Prospective Studies

Cholesterol Levels in Blood and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis of 14 Prospective Studies

Serum Lipid Profile and Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence: Results from the SEARCH Database

Understanding cholesterol: high is bad but too low may also be risky – is low cholesterol associated with cancer?

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