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Background: As a neutral lipid and prominent component of the Western diet, cholesterol levels might be a risk factor for prostate cancer. However, current evidence has been inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between blood cholesterol levels and the risk of prostate cancer.Methods: An extensive search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE for prospective studies that have reported the association between total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels in blood and risk of prostate cancer. Random-effects models were used to summarize the study-specific results.Results: Fourteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, the summarized risk ratios (RR) for the highest to lowest cholesterol levels were as follows: 1.05 [95%

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BACKGROUND: Succinic acid is an important precursor of numerous products, including pharmaceuticals, feed additives, green solvents, and biodegradable polymers. In this work, strategies of pH control and glucose-fed batch fermentation for producing succinic acid using Actinobacillus succinogenes CGMCC1593 were carefully optimized.