“…A large number of epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that hyperestrogenemia predisposes to atherosclerosis in men [6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20]; however, there are also several studies which failed to detect alterations of sex hormone concentrations, mainly of estradiol, in CAD [2, 3, 14, 15]. Studies suggest that estradiol levels rise within 72 h of the onset of stress, but subsequently decline rapidly.…”