Plasma proteincarbonylation and physical exercise

Abstract

Regular physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, as it probably modifies the balance between free-radical generation and antioxidant activity. On the other hand, however, acute physical activity increases oxygen uptake and leads to a temporary imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and their disposal: this phenomenon is called oxidative stress. Proteins are one of the most important oxidation targets during physical exercise and carbonylation is one of the most common oxidative protein modifications. In cells there is a physiological level of oxidized proteins that doesn't interfere with cell function; however, an increase in oxidized protein levels may cause a series of cellular malfunctions that could lead to a disease state. For this reason the quantification of protein oxidation is important to distinguish a healthy state from a disease state. Several studies have demonstrated an increase of carbonylated plasma proteins in athletes after exercise, but none have identified targets of this oxidation. Recently a process of protein decarbonylation has been discovered, this may indicate that carbonylation could be involved in signal transduction. The aim of our research was to characterize plasma protein carbonylation in response to physical exercise in trained male endurance athletes. We analyzed by proteomic approach their plasma proteins at resting condition and after two different kinds of physical exercise (PE). We used 2D-GE followed by western blot with specific antibodies against carbonylated proteins. The 2D analysis identified Haptoglobin as potential protein target of carbonylation after PE. We also identified Serotransferrin and Fibrinogen whose carbonylation is reduced after exercise. These methods have allowed us to obtain an overview of plasma protein oxidation after physical exercise.

Plasma protein changes in horse after prolonged physical exercise: A proteomic study

“…Accordingly, proteins related to acute phase response, proteolytic activity, extracellular efflux, or modification of polypeptide clearance were highly affected. In some cases, quantitative changes concerned specific protein isoforms, which may be related to the occurrence of posttranslational modifications somehow related to physical exercise, as already reported for carbonylation [51] or phosphorylation [52,53]. Specific quantitative trends observed for HP, C4A and ALB fragments, differently to what is generally detected during acute phase, indicate a distinctive response to prolonged physical activity in horses.…”

“…2 and 3). This trend may be related to an increased protein carbonylation that should promote its proteolytic processing, as already observed in humans [51]. Contrasting quantitative data have been reported on total haptoglobin in horse after physical exercise [12,15,16,[54][55][56]; these discrepancies may be probably related to the different physiological conditions analysed, the different biochemical assays used in these studies and the nature of the protein (total or specific isoforms) determined.…”

Proteomic analysis and protein carbonylation profile in trained and untrained rat muscles

“…While this method provides a global measurement of carbonylation it does not allow the identification of protein targets. In a previous paper we reported the characterization of plasma protein carbonylation in response to physical exercise in trained male endurance athletes, in order to obtain an overview of post-training plasma proteins oxidation [24].…”

“…These studies assayed total carbonyl content without identifying specific oxidation protein targets. In a previous paper we identified, by proteomic analysis, plasma proteins that undergo carbonylation in response to physical exercise [24]. We found proteins that underwent carbonylation: 1) only after physical exercise, 2) independently of exercise, and 3) only in resting condition.…”

Effect of exercise on the plasma vesicular proteome: a methodological study comparing acoustic trapping and centrifugation

“…While the effects of exercise on the human plasma proteome have been described in several studies, [29][30][31][32] 6 or cell-free plasma. 38,39 The most widely applied proteomic approaches are different types of MS, but these methods identify mainly high-abundant proteins, and may not be sensitive enough to detect lowabundant molecules of potential biomarkers.…”