Plasma Profiles of Progesterone and Conceptus Proteins in Cows with Spontaneous Embryonic/Fetal Mortality as Diagnosed by Ultrasonography

Szenci, O.; Humblot, P.; Beckers, J. F.; Sasser, G.; Sulon, Joseph; Baltusen, R.; Várga, J.; Bajcsy, Cs.A.; Taverne, M.A.M.

doi:10.1053/tvjl.1999.0399

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…After diagnosing spontaneous cases of LEM by ultrasonography, both plasma bPSPB and bPAG1 levels began to decline in most cases, while the corpus luteum continued to produce progesterone [28,36,37]. This confirms the previous observations [35,52] and demonstrates that lower progesterone concentrations are not the cause of conceptus death.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Pregnancy Lossessupporting

confidence: 84%

“…If only these cows are selected for the protein tests which are inseminated after day 50 [31] or day 70 [32][33][34], post calving interference with the residual bPSPB and bPAG1 in the peripheral circulation during the postpartum period can be minimal. A further limitation after LEM is that protein levels may remain above the threshold level, although the concentration of both proteins decreases steadily [35,36]. This is probably related to the relatively long half-life (7-8 days for bPSPB and 3-4 days for bPAG1) in the maternal circulation after EM [35,37].…”

Section: Conceptus Proteins (Pspb Pag)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PL (8%) diagnosed by ultrasonography in cows between days 26 and 58 post-AI occurred at approximately day 29 (n = 1), day 33 (n = 3), day 37 (n = 3), day 40 (n = 2), day 44 (n = 1) and day 56 (n = 1) post-AI, respectively. The exact day of occurrence of LEM/EFM could not be determined because UE was performed at intervals of 3-4 days [36].…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Pregnancy Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis and Pharmacological Control of Pregnancy Loss in Dairy Cow

Szenci¹

2015

JLS

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Abstract:One of the most recent techniques for the diagnosis of EP (early pregnancy) in cattle on the farm is B-mode ultrasonography. Under field conditions, acceptable results may be achieved with ultrasonography from days 25 to 30 post-AI. The reliability of the test greatly depends on the frequency of the transducer used, the skill of the examiner, the criterion used for a positive PD (pregnancy diagnosis) and the position of the uterus in the pelvic inlet. Pregnancy protein assays (PAG, PSPB) may provide an alternative method to ultrasonography for determining EP or LEM/EFM (late embryonic/early foetal mortality) in the cow. Although early pregnancy factor is the earliest specific indicator for fertilization, its detection is entirely dependend on the use of the RIT (rosette inhibition test), therefore its use in the field needs further inventions. Preventive pharmaceutical treatments with hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), GnRH (gonadotropin realising hormone), PRID (progesterone-releasing intravaginal device) or CIDR (controlled internal drug release) inserts at different time periods at or post-AI may have some benefit in decreasing PL (pregnancy loss), however further examinations are warranted to determine how and when these treatments may influence PL in the field.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Pregnancy Lossessupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Conceptus Proteins (Pspb Pag)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosis Of Pregnancy Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis and Pharmacological Control of Pregnancy Loss in Dairy Cow

Szenci¹

2015

JLS

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“…As well as being useful for pregnancy diagnosis per se, PAG has proven helpful in the detection of embryonic and fetal mortality during pregnancy (Szenci et al, 2000(Szenci et al, , 2003. In several studies, the PSPB and PAG concentrations were found to have decreased before progesterone concentrations fell and the fetus was expelled, indicating that the feto-placental unit was malfunctioning or that the fetus was already dead (Engeland et al, , 2000Szenci et al, 2003).…”

Section: Hormonal/chemical Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be speculated that these increased levels of PAG seen during IVP pregnancies result from an increased density of binucleate cells in their placenta (Farin et al, 2001), although binucleate cell density and maternal plasma PAG concentrations have not yet been determined in the same animals. Disappointingly, only dramatic progressive decreases in PAG concentrations can be used to predict fetal death because of large individual variations in maternal blood PAG concentrations (Szenci et al, 2000).…”

Section: Hormonal/chemical Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal death: comparative aspects in large domestic animals

Jonker

2004

Animal Reproduction Science

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Although the majority of pregnancy failures occur during the embryonic period, reports indicate that approximately 5% of detected pregnancies are lost during the fetal period, underlining the fact that fetal death is a substantial cause of economic loss. However, examination for fetal development or death during pregnancy is not performed routinely in domestic animals, and reference curves for normal fetal growth are, therefore, scarce. In this paper, the numerous possible causes of fetal death are reviewed briefly, with emphasis on the role of placental problems in fetal death and impaired fetal viability. In this respect, the role of placental insufficiency as a cause of pregnancy loss in twin pregnancies in monotocous species is well known, whereas the abnormal placental development leading to retarded fetal growth during pregnancies in recipients of in vitro produced (IVP) or nuclear transfer (NT) embryos has been less extensively documented.Fetal viability or death can be evaluated using hormonal, chemical and ultrasonographic parameters. For example, the viability of the feto-placental unit can be examined by measuring maternal plasma concentrations of oestrone sulphate or the placental proteins, including pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) and pregnancy-specific protein B-60 (PSPB-60). Low concentrations of any of these three indicate either no pregnancy, or if pregnancy was confirmed earlier, fetal death and abnormally high or low levels can indicate fetal abnormality.Ultrasound can be used to examine the fetal heart rate (FHR), the incidence of fetal movements (FM), the appearance of fetal fluids and the development of the fetus and placenta. However, although abnormal FHRs have been correlated to subsequent fetal death, it is important to remember that there is a large physiological variation in FHR at the end of gestation, due to different behavioural states and differences in FM patterns. Although monitoring fetal viability and death using hormonal and ultrasonographic evaluations is possible during pregnancy in domestic animals, there is considerable physiological variations in the 'normal' values. Therefore,- 82-83 (2004) [415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428][429][430] suitable combinations of tests need to be identified and more accurate reference values generated before such approaches can be considered reliable for monitoring the status of individual fetuses.

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Placental Proteins in Ruminants

Sousa

Figueiredo

Beckers

Focus on Biotechnology

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Plasma Profiles of Progesterone and Conceptus Proteins in Cows with Spontaneous Embryonic/Fetal Mortality as Diagnosed by Ultrasonography

Cited by 38 publications

References 12 publications

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis and Pharmacological Control of Pregnancy Loss in Dairy Cow

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis and Pharmacological Control of Pregnancy Loss in Dairy Cow

Fetal death: comparative aspects in large domestic animals

Placental Proteins in Ruminants

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