Plasma metabolite changes in dairy cows during parturition identified using untargeted metabolomics

Abstract

The metabolic responses of cows undergo substantial changes during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with these changes in physiological metabolism have not been clearly elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate metabolic changes in transition cows from the perspective of plasma metabolites. Plasma samples collected from 24 multiparous dairy cows on approximately d 21 prepartum and immediately postpartum were analyzed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion modes. In conjunction with multidimensional statistical methods (principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis), differences in plasma metabolites were identified using the t-test and fold change analysis. Sixty-seven differential metabolites were identified consisting of AA, lipids, saccharides, and nucleotides. The levels of 32 plasma metabolites were significantly higher and those of 35 metabolites significantly lower after parturition than on d 21 prepartum. Pathway analysis indicated that the metabolites that increased from late pregnancy to early lactation were primarily involved in lipid metabolism and energy metabolism, whereas decreased metabolites were related to AA metabolism.

Clinical Ketosis-Associated Alteration of Gene Expression in Holstein Cows

“…However, animals differ tremendously in their adaptive success [51]. Results from HC group versus PHC group showed that the DEGs were primarily involved in ion homeostasis, fat digestion, and lipid metabolism; this is a finding that is similar to what has been reported using metabolomic analysis in transition cows [52]. Otherwise, the inflammation-related pathways of "IL-17 signaling pathway" and "NOD-like receptor signaling pathway" were obtained.…”

Metabolomic and Proteomic Profiles Associated With Ketosis in Dairy Cows

“…These metabolites were found to be significantly enriched in arginine and proline metabolism, while these proteins were mainly enriched into biological processes and pathways associated with cholesterol metabolism and phagosome. This finding is consistent with a previous study that showed that amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism are related changes in transition cows (Luo et al, 2019). Nevertheless, it should be noted that we did not demonstrate the inflammation-related pathways as we have previously shown from transcriptome data with the same animals.…”

“…The LC-MS based metabolomic analysis has been described previously (Dunn et al, 2011;Luo et al, 2019). In brief, all 38 serum samples were slowly thawed at 4 • C, and 100 µl of serum was mixed with 400 µl pre-cooled methanol.…”

Identification of disordered metabolic networks in postpartum dairy cows with left displacement of the abomasum through integrated metabolomics and pathway analyses

“…Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) significantly decreases in the blood of LDA dairy cows [1], but leukotriene D4 (LTD 4 ) has not been investigated. PGE 2 and LTD 4 are derived from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase pathway [29]. PGE 2 can regulate the gastrointestinal integrity, fertility and the inflammatory response [20], and LTD 4 can act as a regulator of leukocyte chemotaxis, the inflammatory response and the contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle [31].…”

“…During gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis, NH 3 obtained from the deamination of amino acids is used to generate carbamoyl phosphate, and this product can be decomposed into citrulline and pyrimidine. Certain amino acids involved in the urea cycle, such as proline, ornithine arginine and citrulline, have been confirmed to participate in the TCA cycle by affecting the formation of fumarate [29,41]. Pyrimidine is used to synthesize uridine, which can be phosphorylated to produce uridine triphosphate.…”