Nutrient flow to the embryo and placenta is crucial for proper development and growth during pregnancy. In this study, a metabonomic analysis was undertaken to better understand global changes in pregnant dairy cows on D 17 and D 45 after timed artificial insemination (AI). Metabolic changes in the blood plasma of pregnant dairy cows were investigated using HPLC-MS and a multivariate statistical analysis. Changes in metabolic networks were established using the MetPA method. Alterations in six metabolic pathways were found on D 17 and D 45, including variations in the level of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, glycerolipid metabolism, folate biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism. In addition to these pathways, 9 metabolic pathways were markedly altered on D 45. These pathways included changes in the one-carbon pool caused by folate; phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; thiamine metabolism; pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis; purine metabolism; inositol phosphate metabolism; amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism; pentose phosphate; and the TCA pathway. The combination of metabonomics and network methods used in this study generated rich biochemical insight into possible biological modules related to early pregnancy in dairy cows.
High-producing dairy cows are easily affected by left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) within 4 weeks postpartum. Although LDA is highly associated with metabolic disturbances, the related information on comprehensive metabolic changes, with the exception of some blood biochemical parameters, remains limited. In this study, the changes in plasma metabolites and in the metabolic profile of postpartum dairy cows with LDA were investigated through liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q/ TOF-MS)-based metabolomics, and the metabolic networks related to LDA were constructed through metabolomics pathway analysis (MetPA). An obvious change in the metabolic profile was reflected by significant variations in 68 plasma metabolites in postpartum dairy cows with LDA, and these variations consequently altered 13 metabolic pathways (histidine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, citrate cycle, butanoate metabolism, vitamin B 6 metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism). This study shows that the more detailed information obtained by LC-Q/TOF-MS-based metabolomics and MetPA might contribute to a better understanding of the disordered metabolic networks in postpartum dairy cows with LDA. KEY WORDS: left displacement of the abomasum, liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry, metabolomics, pathway analysis, postpartum dairy cow Left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) is often observed in high-producing dairy cows mainly within 4 weeks postpartum [2, 12, 14]. Specifically, LDA occurs when the abomasum migrates from its normal position to the left lateral abdominal wall, and this migration can cause anorexia and colic in dairy cows and even death in some cases [45]. Dairy cows with LDA exhibit a lower health status, decreased fertility, less milk production and hence a greater culling rate [11, 26]. Many studies have focused on factors related to LDA, and the findings suggest that the species, breed, gender, age, production level, nutrition, metabolism and concurrent diseases likely play an important role in the pathogenesis of LDA [13]. Marked variations in some blood biochemical parameters, such as amyloid A, haptoglobin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), beta-hydroxy-butyrate (BHBA), Ca, P, Mg, Cl, urea, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase, indicate that the metabolic status of lactating dairy cows with abomasum displacement is strikingly altered [18, 32, 34]. Nevertheless, the available information on comprehensive metabolic changes remains limited, and this topic should be further explored using omics technologies. Metabolomics, as a branch of omics research, aims to identify and quantify small endogenous metabolites in biological samples using a high-throughput analytical p...
The first meal of a neonatal calf after birth is crucial for survival and health. Blood IgG levels remarkably increase in neonatal calves after the first colostrum feeding. However, there is little comprehensive information on blood small-molecule metabolites in neonatal calves at that time. In this study, the changes in plasma metabolites of neonatal calves after the initial colostrum feeding were first examined with comprehensive 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Sixteen plasma samples obtained from 8 calves before and after feeding were analyzed with 1H NMR. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant difference in metabolic profiles. After feeding, acute phase N-acetylated glycoproteins and 13 other plasma metabolites decreased, whereas 19 plasma metabolites increased. Metabolomics pathway analysis of these metabolites revealed that a global metabolic response on the first colostrum feeding was reflected by alterations of 13 metabolic pathways including lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism in neonatal calves. These results suggested that besides meeting energy demand, a 4.0 L of high-quality colostrum feeding within 4 h after birth had a positive effect on relieving the postnatal stress in neonatal calves. This study provides another perspective of response mechanisms of newborn calves upon the first colostrum feeding.
BackgroundHairfollicle development in Tan sheepdiffers signi cantly between the birth and Er-mao periods, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. MethodsWe pro led the skin transcriptomes of Tan sheepinthe birth and Er-mao periods via RNA-seq technology. TheTan sheep examined consisted ofthree sheep inthe birth period and threesheep inthe Er-mao period. ResultsA total of 364 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the skin of Tan sheepbetweenthe birth period and the Er-mao period were identi ed, among which 168 were upregulated and 196 were downregulated. Interestingly, the FOS proto-oncogene(FOS)(fold change=22.67, P value=2.15*10^-44)was the most signi cantly differentially expressed gene. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that the FOS gene was signi cantly enriched in the signaling pathway related to hair follicle development. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the FOS gene was expressed in the skin of Chinese Tan sheep at the birth and Er-mao periods,with abnormally high expression in the Er-mao period. ConclusionsOur ndings suggest that the FOS gene promotes hair follicle development in Tan sheep.
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