Plasma malondialdehyde as biomarker for oxidative stress: reference interval and effects of life-style factors

Abstract

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the most frequently used indicators of lipid peroxidation. To generate reliable reference intervals for plasma malondialdehyde (P-MDA), a reference sample group was established in Funen, Denmark. The group consisted of 213 individuals (107 men, 106 women), ages 20–79 years. P-MDA was measured in EDTA-treated plasma after derivatization by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and separation on HPLC. UV detection was performed at 532 nm. A reference interval was calculated as recommended by IFCC with REFVAL 3.42. The estimated reference limits (0.025 and 0.975 fractals) for the group were 0.36 and 1.24 μmol/L. The data were analyzed for gender- and age-related differences. Analysis of variance showed no interaction between gender and age, but separate analyses showed an independent effect of gender (P = 0.03), but not of age (P = 0.11). Daily smokers had a slightly higher average concentration of P-MDA than nonsmokers (P = 0.05), and P-MDA correlated with daily exposure to cigarette smoke (r = 0.162; P = 0.03). A positive correlation was also demonstrated between P-MDA and weekly alcohol consumption (r = 0.153; P = 0.03). Within-subject and day-to-day variations of P-MDA indicated that the potential of P-MDA as a biomarker for individuals is questionable. However, on a group basis, the present data support that P-MDA may be a potential biomarker for oxidative stress.

Antiradical function of sulfhydryl residues and oxidative stress markers in dairy cattle plasma

“…This ratio of reduced albumin to oxidized albumin might change under different physiological conditions. A breakdown product of lipid peroxidation, TBARS was known to be one of oxidative stress markers in plasma (Nielsen et al 1997), although some researchers have reported the opposite result (Dotan et al 2004). In this study TBARS tended to correlate inversely with antioxidative components, the SH concentration in dairy cattle plasma (P < 0.10).…”

Quantification of malondialdehyde by HPLC‐FL – application to various biological samples

“…TBA assay MDA is the most abundant aldehydic breakdown product of oxidative degradation of PUFAs and is frequently used as an indicator of LPO extent (Esterbauer et al, 1991;Seljeskog et al, 2006). Plasma MDA is even suggested as a marker of overall body LPO (Nielsen et al, 1997;Drury et al, 1997). A multilaboratory study in which several biomarkers of oxidative stress in plasma and urine in a rat model were checked confirmed MDA to be a good biomarker of LPO (Kadiiska et al, 2005).…”

“…According to the literature, total MDA level increases with age since aging is related to more pronounced oxidative stress (Steghens et al, 2001). However, Nielsen et al (1997) found no effect of age on plasma MDA level. On the other hand, the same authors found that men have higher plasma MDA level compared with women and that smokers have higher plasma MDA level than non-smokers (Nielsen et al, 1997).…”

“…Detector wavelengths were set at λ ex 527 nm and λ em 551 nm (Agarwal and Chase, 2002), and to separate MDA-TBA 2 adduct reverse-phase column, C 18 , was used. In the literature several wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/bmc mobile phases have been suggested and we tested: 50 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 6.8) and methanol (60:40; v/v; Agarwal and Chase, 2002); 10 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 6.8) and methanol (60:40;v/v;Nielsen et al, 1997); and 50% methanol (Grotto et al, 2007). A sharp, symmetrical peak of MDA-TBA 2 adduct was only obtained using 50 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and methanol (60:40; v/v).…”

“…A critical step in TBA assay is sample preparation procedure (derivatization of MDA with TBA), which involves heating samples under acidic conditions, referred to as 'stress conditions'; usually samples are heated at 100°C for 1 h at low pH (Steghens et al, 2001;Mendes et al, 2009). This step is unavoidable since the reaction kinetics depends on the temperature, pH and concentration of TBA (Nielsen et al, 1997). Additionally, acid used in the sample preparation step affect the MDA level detected (Seljeskog et al, 2006).…”