Plasma lipid and blood glucose levels in patients with destructive periodontal disease

Abstract

Hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In recent years, some evidence has been presented that periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. To further elucidate this association, we have studied standard blood chemistry variables known as risk markers for cardiovascular disease in periodontally diseased and healthy subjects. We have measured levels of plasma lipids and fasting blood glucose in 39 subjects with moderate periodontal disease (age 50-60 years) and compared the results with those obtained in 40 age- and sex-matched controls. Both groups were systemically healthy according to their medical history. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher in periodontally diseased subjects by about 8% (p<0.03), 13% (p<0.003) and 39% (p<0.001), respectively, when compared to controls. Although subjects with diabetes were excluded from the study, we found significantly higher blood glucose levels in the patient than in the control group (85 +/- 25 versus 73 +/- 17 mg/dl; p<0.02). There was also a significantly higher frequency of pathological plasma lipid profiles in the patient than in the control group. The results indicate that hyperlipaemia and pre-diabetes may be associated with periodontal disease in systemically healthy subjects. These data do not allow us to decide, whether periodontal disease causes an increase in hyperlipaemia and in a prediabetic state or whether periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease share hyperlipidaemia and the prediabetic state as common risk factors.

Evaluation of Alteration in Serum Lipid Levels in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Postperiodontal Therapy

“…TC and LDL as well as TG. 6,21,27 The outcomes of our study support this overall conclusion. But most of the above mentioned studies were unable to infer a positive correlation with all the parameters of lipid profile (i.e.…”

“…6,13,[21][22][23] Each of these studies has their own specifications such as definition of periodontal disease, assay for serum lipid levels, study design and number of cases. Others have shown lack of this relation.…”

“…Loesche W et al 21 determined a significant association between periodontal conditions and the concentration of triglycerides in blood. Krause S et al 28 stated that hyperlipidemia causes hyperactivity of white blood corpuscles.…”

Lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in obese and non-obese subjects undergoing non-surgical periodontal therapy

“…High levels of LDL and triglycerides (TGR) were found to be associated with high alveolar bone loss using X-rays in the periodontitis group (6). Similarly, other authors found significant relations between the levels of TC, LDL, and TGR, and clinical periodontal disease (3,5). Despite this evidence, there is no consensus in the literature regarding this topic, as other studies reported no significant relation between periodontal status and lipid level alterations (7).…”

“…Recently, studies examining the relationship between periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia have shown that a greater systemic involvement may occur in patients exhibiting periodontal involvement (1)(2)(3)(4). Chronic exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can promote recruitment of defense cells which secrete alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), thus increasing lipogenesis and lipolysis.…”