Plasma glucose measurement in diabetes: impact and implications of variations in sample collection procedures with a focus on the first hour after sample collection

Chan, Huan; Lunt, Helen; Thompson, Harmony; Heenan, Helen; Frampton, Christopher; Florkowski, Christopher M

doi:10.1515/cclm-2013-1059

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Furthermore, using sodium fluoride as a glycolytic inhibitor leads to an error in glucose levels that ranges between 0.28 and 0.39 mmol/L (5-7 mg/dL), and can be as high as 1.1 mmol/L (20 mg/dL) if plasma is left unseparated for more than 3 h post collection [92]. These findings are supported by Chen et al [93] who confirmed the failure of sodium fluoride to inhibit glycolysis one hour after sample collection and recommending that the best way to reduce glycolysis and improve glucose integrity in samples in vitro was through immediate separation of plasma from blood cells.…”

Section: Specimen Collection Tubementioning

confidence: 54%

The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test—Is It Time for a Change?—A Literature Review with an Emphasis on Pregnancy

Bogdanet

O’Shea

Lyons

et al. 2020

JCM

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Globally, gestational diabetes (GDM) is increasing at an alarming rate. This increase is linked to the rise in obesity rates among women of reproductive age. GDM poses a major global health problem due to the related micro- and macro-vascular complications of subsequent Type 2 diabetes and the impact on the future health of generations through the long-term impact of GDM on both mothers and their infants. Therefore, correctly identifying subjects as having GDM is of utmost importance. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been the mainstay for diagnosing gestational diabetes for decades. However, this test is deeply flawed. In this review, we explore a history of the OGTT, its reproducibility and the many factors that can impact its results with an emphasis on pregnancy.

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Section: Specimen Collection Tubementioning

confidence: 54%

The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test—Is It Time for a Change?—A Literature Review with an Emphasis on Pregnancy

Bogdanet

O’Shea

Lyons

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Serum glucose (mmol/l) was measured using hexokinase-based test (Glucose HK Gen.3, Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) on an automated analyzer (cobas® 8000 c701, Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Previous studies showed a 7% per hour decrease in glucose levels in whole blood ( 16 ) due to glucose consumption by erythrocytes. Therefore, glucose values were corrected accordingly for processing time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensitivity analyses for glucose correction ( 16 ), extreme outliers and gestational age ( 24 – 26 ) were carried out as a test of robustness of the results ( Supplementary Materials ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Obesity Affects the Glucose-Insulin Axis During the First Trimester of Human Pregnancy

et al. 2020

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Background and objective: The maternal glucose-insulin axis is central for metabolic adaptations required for a healthy pregnancy. Metabolic changes in obese mothers in early pregnancy have been scantly described. Here we characterized the glucose-insulin axis in the first trimester of human pregnancy and assessed the effect of maternal obesity and fat mass. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, maternal blood samples ( N = 323) were collected during voluntary pregnancy termination (gestational age 4 +0 –11 +6 weeks) after overnight fasting. Smokers ( N = 198) were identified by self-report and serum cotinine levels (ELISA). Maternal BMI (kg/m 2 ) and serum leptin (ELISA) were used as proxy measures of obesity and maternal fat mass, respectively. BMI was categorized into under-/normal weight (BMI < 25.0 kg/m 2 ), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m 2 ) and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m 2 ), and leptin in tertiles (1st tertile: leptin < 6.80 ng/ml, 2nd tertile: leptin 6.80–12.89 ng/ml, 3rd tertile: leptin > 12.89 ng/ml). IS HOMA insulin sensitivity index was calculated from glucose and C-peptide (ELISA) serum concentrations. Analyses of covariance including multiple confounders were performed to test for differences in glucose, C-peptide and IS HOMA between gestational age periods, BMI and leptin groups. C-peptide and IS HOMA were log-transformed before analyses. Results: At weeks 7–9, fasting glucose and C-peptide levels were lower ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) and insulin sensitivity higher ( P < 0.001) than at weeks 4–6. Glucose levels were not significantly different between BMI or leptin categories. In contrast, C-peptide increased by 19% ( P < 0.01) between the normal weight and the overweight group and by 39% ( P < 0.001) between the overweight and obese group. In the leptin groups, C-peptide increased by 25% ( P < 0.001) between the 1st and 2nd leptin tertile and by 15% ( P < 0.05) between the 2nd and 3rd leptin tertile. IS HOMA decreased with higher BMI and fat mass. IS HOMA decreased by 18% ( P < 0.01) between the normal weight and the overweight group and by 30% ( P < 0.01) between the overweight and the obese group. In the leptin groups, IS HOMA decreased by 22% ( P < 0.001) between the 1st and 2nd leptin tertile and by 14% ( P < 0.05) between the 2nd and 3rd leptin tertile. Conclusions: At the group level, fasting glucose, C-peptide and insulin sen...

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“…In a paper published in this issue, Chan et al show that the decrease of glucose concentration in blood samples was not proportional to the initial glucose values, as suggested by other studies, but that this reduction was constant [7]. The alteration of glucose concentration due to the action of glycolytic enzymes is significant and could substantially impair glucose values, thus leading to misclassification of patients with respect to the (real) diabetic status.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: reiterated responsibilities for the clinical laboratory

Gillery¹,

Lippi²,

Plebani³

2014

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

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Plasma glucose measurement in diabetes: impact and implications of variations in sample collection procedures with a focus on the first hour after sample collection

Abstract: Samples collected into lithium heparin PST™ tubes show pre-analytical glucose loss at 1 h that is independent of baseline glucose and cellular count. Furthermore, immediate plasma separation using these tubes attenuates glucose loss across a wide range of glucose concentrations.

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test—Is It Time for a Change?—A Literature Review with an Emphasis on Pregnancy

The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test—Is It Time for a Change?—A Literature Review with an Emphasis on Pregnancy

Maternal Obesity Affects the Glucose-Insulin Axis During the First Trimester of Human Pregnancy

Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: reiterated responsibilities for the clinical laboratory

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