Abstract:This paper reviews the most commonly used methods for the generation of plasmas with special emphasis on non-thermal, low-temperature plasmas for technological applications. We also discuss various technical realizations of plasma sources for selected applications. This paper is further limited to the discussion of plasma generation methods that employ electric fields. The various plasmas described include dc glow discharges, either operated continuously (CW) or pulsed, capacitively and inductively coupled rf … Show more
“…"Plasma" mainly consists of positive and negative ions, radicals, electrons, and excited or ground state of atoms, which results from subjecting a gas to an energy source (Conrads and Schmidt, 2000;Ramazzina et al, 2015). Energy is delivered in sequence to the electrons and the heavy species via collisions, leading to the destruction of chemical species.…”
Section: Plasma Definition Generation and Classificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In plasma system, the lower gas pressure results in a lower voltage needed for ionization. This intrinsic property of plasma raises the need for generating cold plasma technologies that operate under atmospheric pressure, and therefore require less power to generate active plasma (Conrads and Schmidt, 2000). Furthermore, cold plasma can be described by its generation technology, e.g.…”
Section: Plasma Definition Generation and Classificationmentioning
“…"Plasma" mainly consists of positive and negative ions, radicals, electrons, and excited or ground state of atoms, which results from subjecting a gas to an energy source (Conrads and Schmidt, 2000;Ramazzina et al, 2015). Energy is delivered in sequence to the electrons and the heavy species via collisions, leading to the destruction of chemical species.…”
Section: Plasma Definition Generation and Classificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In plasma system, the lower gas pressure results in a lower voltage needed for ionization. This intrinsic property of plasma raises the need for generating cold plasma technologies that operate under atmospheric pressure, and therefore require less power to generate active plasma (Conrads and Schmidt, 2000). Furthermore, cold plasma can be described by its generation technology, e.g.…”
Section: Plasma Definition Generation and Classificationmentioning
“…Thus, the present design adds a new class of generators to the existing plasma generator flora, which are discussed in several reviews. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Unlike all previous plasma generators, the all-dielectric design of our generator makes it ideal for interactions with high-frequency electromagnetic waves.…”
A proof of concept for a microwave microplasma generator that consists of a halved dielectric resonator is presented. The generator functions via leaking electric fields of the resonant modes — TE01δ and HEM12δ modes are explored. Computational results illustrate the electric fields, whereas the stability of resonance and coupling are studied experimentally. Finally, a working device is presented. This generator promises potentially wireless and low-loss operation. This device may find relevance in plasma metamaterials; each resonator may generate the plasma structures necessary to manipulate electromagnetic radiation. In particular, the all-dielectric nature of the generator will allow low-loss interaction with high-frequency (GHz–THz) waves.
“…Decreasing the plasma temperature extends the life of the lamp. Publications [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] present theoretical descriptions of a plasma channel and research on this specific state of matter. [2] presents some research on minimization of light flicker, which is dependent on RMS voltage fluctuations in the electrical grid.…”
Abstract. This paper presents investigation of methods for reducing light pulsation and plasma temperature inside a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp arc tube. Differences found in light emission of an arc tube plasma channel under different power supply methods are presented and discussed in this work. The novelty of the paper lies in systematical investigation of different power converter supply methods and demonstrating that it has a significant influence on plasma temperature in an arc tube. The tested lamp was powered by electronic ballasts controlled by different algorithms, which forced their current waveform. To compare the results, the authors performed measurements on a discharge lamp powered by a standard electromagnetic ballast. The investigation of plasma parameters is based on the optical spectroscopy method. It was shown that by using the appropriate current shape of a high switching frequency supply converter, the plasma temperature of an HID lamp can be reduced almost by half.Key words: plasma temperature, electronic ballast, electromagnetic ballast, lamp current, light flux, light pulsation, high intensity discharge lamp.Investigation of HID-lamp light emission differences for different power supply methods Therefore, authors decided to perform a research determining the aforementioned parameters of an HID lamp.
Plasma theoryPlasma is a source of optical radiation. One of the methods used to examine this state of matter is optical spectroscopy. The spectrum of plasma radiation carries a lot of information about atoms or ions, such as the type of gases used in discharge lamps, and the conditions in which they are located. All the processes taking place in radial plasma can be interpreted as a transition between two different quantum energy states. Processes involving the radiation of electrons and atoms (or ions) occur when an electron moves in an electrical field from one charged particle to another, usually an ion. As a result of its interaction with this particle, part of the path of the electron is curved. The temperature inside the arc tube of a discharge lamp is the parameter that determines the appropriate spectral distribution of the energy emitted by the plasma discharge, and the corresponding luminous efficiency. In the radiation spectrum of an HID lamp, there are a number of lines, characteristic of excited atoms. The shape of the spectral line reveals the conditions (pressure and temperature) prevailing in the discharge lamp. Fig. 1 shows a view of luminous plasma in a cold arc tube, whereas Fig. 2 shows luminous plasma in a hot arc tube.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.