A novel, all-dielectric, microwave plasma generator towards development of plasma metamaterials

Cohick, Zane; Luo, Wei; Perini, Steve; Baker, Amanda; Wolfe, Douglas E.; Lanagan, Michael T.

doi:10.7567/apex.9.116201

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Metal containing topologies such as split-ring resonators have been used successfully for localized microwave plasma breakdown [14][15][16]. More recently, all-dielectric structures, in particular, two cylindrical dielectric resonators (DRs) in close proximity to each other, have been used to generate plasma breakdown in the gap between the cylinders [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of atmospheric gas-stream processing using a microwave excited all-dielectric resonant plasma discharge

Sharma¹,

Upadhyay²,

Karpatne³

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Computational modeling of an all-dielectric resonant plasma discharge for the processing of atmospheric air streams is presented. A single dielectric resonator (DR) pair separated by a small gap is considered. Governing equations for plasma, flow and electromagnetics are coupled to resolve the entire process characterized by fast timescale plasma breakdown followed by slow timescale transport of radicals catalyzed in the discharge. The resonant frequencies of the DR system are determined by solving for the electromagnetic wave across a range of microwave frequencies in the absence of the plasma. The DR operating at the resonant frequency (on-resonance mode) results in 12 times larger electric field amplification in the dielectric gap as compared to its operation in an off-resonance mode. Plasma breakdown occurs in the DR gap where the electric field amplification is the highest, due to constructive interference of electromagnetic wave modes from the adjoining cylindrical dielectrics. The plasma frequency in on-resonance mode is smaller than the resonant frequency of the DR. This inhibits the formation of surface wave modes and results in a uniform electromagnetic power deposition and volumetric plasma generation in the dielectric gap. It is seen that oxygen radicals (O) and oxygen metastable states O 2 a1 and O 2 b1 are dominant products of the plasma catalysis process. The active radical species are transported with the flow where they can be used in downstream plasma processing applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of atmospheric gas-stream processing using a microwave excited all-dielectric resonant plasma discharge

Sharma¹,

Upadhyay²,

Karpatne³

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…Microwave microplasmas have many promising qualities such as minimal sputtering compared to lower frequency excitation [10], high-electron densities [11,12], potential for breakdown at voltages less than predicted by Paschen's Law [13], and the possibility for remote excitation [14,15]. In addition, microwave microplasmas can be formed using generators which are comprised entirely of dielectric materials -this could provide further advantage in terms of reducing electrode degradation and additional flexibility in applications such as metamaterials for which potentially reflective metal structures may not be desirable [16,17]. Importantly, the low device degradation and high-electron densities attainable with atmospheric-pressure, microwave microplasmas may enable plasma-based metamaterials operating at high-frequencies, thus making them viable for 5G and potentially future generations of wireless communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weibull analysis of atmospheric pressure plasma generation and evidence for field emission in microwave split-ring resonators

Cohick

Hall²,

Wolfe

et al. 2020

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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The generation of atmospheric pressure microplasmas using microwave resonators is promising for many applications due to the possibility of high electron densities and low electrode degradation. In particular, such plasmas may help enable reconfigurable metamaterials operating from GHz to THz. Since plasma metamaterials may require the generation of tens to hundreds of plasmas, it is important to find ways to reduce the power required for plasma breakdown. Here, we study gold and silver microwave split-ring resonators (SRRs) with a variety of materials near the interelectrode gap (Cu, CuO nanowires, aluminum oxide). We focus on those fabricated using a traditional thick film technique, screen-printing, and using fs-and ns-laser ablation. The use of laser ablation allows us to explore small interelectrode gap sizes (7-100 μm) and the use of different lasers and laser parameters enables us to produce a variety of microstructures. We utilize Weibull statistics to examine breakdown in atmospheric pressure Ar with and without deep ultraviolet illumination of SRRs. Fabrication methods and materials are shown to influence both Q-factor of the SRRs and breakdown voltage independently. It is found that superior performance in terms of breakdown voltage and consistency in breakdown is related to Weibull modulus. The power requirement for breakdown varied as widely as an order of magnitude depending on fabrication method and material used for the SRRs. Furthermore, we consider the performance differences seen between various resonators and relate this to microstructure/ material which suggests that field-emission may play a role in providing the seed electrons required for breakdown. This need for seed electrons appears to be especially important for gap sizes of 40 μm and smaller.

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“…Artificial metamaterials, which own advantaged electromagnetic (EM) manipulating capability in dual negative refractive index modification [1,2], radar crosssection (RCS) reduction [3,4], frequency selectivity [5][6][7][8] and antenna properties improvement [9][10], have intrigued great interests for stealth domain [11,12], super-resolution imaging [13][14][15], energy harvesting [16][17][18][19] , beam scanning [20,21], and even acoustical [22][23][24], terahertz [25], optical [26][27][28] applications. EM manipulation means the efficient energy transfer or property transformation of absorbent metamaterials (AMs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EMT Conversion of Composite Broadband Absorbent Metamaterials for Stealth Application Over X-Bands

Duan

Liu

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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A validating approach for electromagnetic thermal (EMT) conversion of a composite broadband absorbent metamaterials (AMs) is proposed in this paper. The integrated multilayer AMs consisting of top square loop (Q-loops) array layer, middle metal plate-polymer sandwich, bottom Q-loops array layer stacked vertically is analyzed with finite-different time-domain (FDTD) algorithm and fabricated by High Density Interconnector (HDI) process and Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. The implemented composite layered structure with the dielectrics and subsequent multi metal loops has broadband bandwidth over 2.5GHz in X-bands. High absorption performance in various incident waves with different polarizations and incident angles basically maintains a fixed efficient level of the AMs with diverse absorbing states in wide operating band. Electromagnetics and thermal multiphysics analysis validates the EMT conversion of the AMs in induced strong electromagnetic resonance. The integrated thermal conduction device is loaded on the back of AMs to transfer the converted thermal energy in time, which effectively reduces the surface thermal distribution. Finally, absorbent properties tested by free space methods and thermocouple and infrared thermal imaging (ITI) system shows the polarization independent energy transformation in greatly accordance with numerical analysis. This investigation shows the potential application of AMs in stealth systems to achieve both electromagnetic stealth and infrared thermal stealth through EMT energy conversion.INDEX TERMS Broadband, Absorbent metamaterials (AMs), Electromagnetic thermal (EMT) conversion, Stealth, Thermoelectricity.

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A novel, all-dielectric, microwave plasma generator towards development of plasma metamaterials

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Modeling of atmospheric gas-stream processing using a microwave excited all-dielectric resonant plasma discharge

Modeling of atmospheric gas-stream processing using a microwave excited all-dielectric resonant plasma discharge

Weibull analysis of atmospheric pressure plasma generation and evidence for field emission in microwave split-ring resonators

EMT Conversion of Composite Broadband Absorbent Metamaterials for Stealth Application Over X-Bands

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