Plasma fractalkine levels are associated with renal inflammation and outcomes in immunoglobulin A nephropathy

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>A recognized noninvasive biomarker to improve risk stratification of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients is scarce. Fractalkine has been shown to play a key role in glomerular disease as chemoattractant, adhesion and even fibrosis factor. The current study assessed the possibility of plasma fractalkine as a novel biomarker in IgAN patients.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Plasma fractalkine was measured in 229 patients with renal biopsy consistent IgAN from 2012 to 2014, and clinical, pathological and prognostic relationships were analyzed.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The plasma fractalkine levels in IgAN patients were significantly correlated with the creatinine level and 24-h urine protein by both univariate and multivariate analysis. Mesangial hypercellularity was still significantly correlated with the plasma fractalkine levels even after adjustment for other potential predictor variables by multivariate analysis. In addition, the counts of CD20+ B cells or CD68+ macrophage in renal biopsies of IgAN patients were significantly correlated with the plasma fractalkine levels, but not CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Finally, we concluded that patients with higher plasma fractalkine levels had higher risk of poor renal outcome compared with those with lower plasma fractalkine levels. No association was observed between the CX3CR1 polymorphisms and clinical parameters including plasma fractalkine levels and prognosis. Recombinant fractalkine induced mesangial cells extracellular matrix synthesis and promoted the migration of microphage cells RAW264.7.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Plasma fractalkine levels were associated with creatinine level, 24-h urine protein, mesangial hypercellularity pathological damage, the CD68+ macrophage and CD20+ B cell infiltration in renal tissue and renal outcome in IgAN patients. Plasma fractalkine might be a potential prognosis novel predictor in Chinese patients with IgAN.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

Review on Inflammation Markers in Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Additionally, in vitro studies further evaluated the CX3CL1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to find that it is associated with podocyte damage and could account for progressive AKI [135]. In Chinese patients with IgAN, plasma CX3CL1 levels were associated with renal function, proteinuria, and histologic changes [136]. Furthermore, they suggest a possible role in the pathogenesis and activity of lupus nephritis [137].…”

Role of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in renal disease

“…Elevated circulating levels of soluble CX 3 CL1 have been associated with increased severity of primary glomerular disease, including IgA nephropathy. In patients whose renal biopsies had more severe histopathologic features, namely, increased infiltration of macrophages and B lymphocytes and enhanced mesangial hypercellularity, plasma levels of CX 3 CL1 were markedly elevated (129). The elevated serum CX 3 CL1 levels in these patients was also correlated with reduced overall survival.…”

Pre‐ischemic renal lavage protects against renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury by attenuation of local and systemic inflammatory responses

“…Western blot analysis of protein expression in rat kidney tissue and RAW264.7 cell line was performed as described previously 12 . The primary anti‐rat antibodies were as follows: anti‐ERK (#9102), anti‐phosphorylated‐ERK (Thr202/Tyr204, #4370), anti‐p65 subunit of NF‐κB (#8242), anti‐phosphorylated‐p65 subunit of NF‐κB (ser536, #3033, all from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), and anti‐KIM‐1 (bs‐6080R, Bioss, Beijing, China).…”