“…It is necessary to note here that one kind of raw materials used in the process is SnO 2 , and as reported, SnO 2 presents diverse property when it is treated under different atmospheres [22][23][24][25][26][27]. The SnO 2 has been confirmed to possess the gas-sensitivity by the response and recovery tests and the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) tests when it's heated under reductive or oxidative atmospheres [24].…”
“…It is necessary to note here that one kind of raw materials used in the process is SnO 2 , and as reported, SnO 2 presents diverse property when it is treated under different atmospheres [22][23][24][25][26][27]. The SnO 2 has been confirmed to possess the gas-sensitivity by the response and recovery tests and the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) tests when it's heated under reductive or oxidative atmospheres [24].…”
“…A feature of the method is the thermolytic transformations of the solution components at the anode with the formation on the surface of the corresponding oxide structures. There are few works [10,11] showing that PEO treatment of titanium in electrolytes containing SnO 3 2anions [10] or dispersed particles of tin oxide [11] produces Sn-containing oxide layers. In both works, the quantitative results of the incorporation of tin into coating are not given, which makes it difficult to determine the effectiveness of the PEO process conditions for the formation of such oxide layers.…”
Sn-containing oxide coatings were prepared via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of Ti plate in the electrolytes with [SnII-EDTA]2- complex anions or SnO2 particles in the anode and anodic-cathodic modes. The coatings formed in electrolyte with SnO2 particles stabilized by SAS contain SnO2 and Sn0. In the electrolyte with [Sn-EDTA]2- complex anions, the SnO2-containing coatings were formed in the anodic mode while Sn0-containing ones were obtained in the anodic-cathodic mode. SnO2-containing structures formed in the electrolytes with [Sn-EDTA]2- anions are shown to be active in catalytic oxidation of CO into CO2 at temperatures above 350 °C. They can be the basis for the preparation of both carriers of catalytically active compounds and catalysts for redox reactions. Potentiometric tests showed that the Sn-containing PEO layers on titanium exhibit the most characteristic pH function for the metal oxide electrodes in the direct potentiometry and acid-base titration.
“…The eventual by-products of the described surface reaction originate by desorption from the substrate surface and are eliminated after expansion of the surface over the original boundaries. Because of the effect of the surrounding environment on the deposition conditions, thin films grow with different morphologies [3][4][5][6]. Additionally, since thin films grow thicker as the deposition time increases, their structural and electrical characteristics change.…”
SnO2thin films were grown on Si substrate using the low pressure chemical vapor deposition method. Observations made through electron microscopy indicate that thin films tend to grow with a constant direction when deposited at a temperature of 420°C for 5, 10, 20, or 30 min. However, when the deposition time increases, the particles forming the thin films are subject to a secondary growth. Observations made under a high-resolution transmission electron microscope reveal the lattice shape characteristic of thin films, with an overlapped or wrinkled flower form, and indicate that thin films growth takes place in different directions during the secondary growth. Measurements of the Hall effect show that the carriers mobility in the thin films increases linearly with the deposition time, whereas the carrier density decreases. The Hall Rh value increased linearly until 20 min deposition time, whereas for thin film grown for 30 min it decreased rapidly, showing a relatively similar behaviour to the carrier density. This is because as the deposition time becomes longer, the second growth and atypical shape occurs, leading to an increase of the thin films Rh value. This phenomenon indicates that the deposition time of thin films affects their carrier density and atypical overlapped or wrinkled flower form.
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