Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation as a Feasible Surface Treatment for Biomedical Applications: an in vivo study

Abstract

Objectives: In this in vivo animal study, we evaluated the effect of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating on the topographic and biological parameters of implants installed in rats with induced osteoporosis and low-quality bones. Materials and methods: In total 44 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus), 6 months old, were submitted to ovariectomy (OXV group) and dummy surgery (SHAM group). After 90 days, the ELISA test was performed and the ovariectomy effectiveness was confirmed. In each tibial metaphysis, an implant with PEO coating containing Ca2+ and P5+ molecules were installed, and the other tibia received an implant with SLA acid etching and blasting (AC) (control surface). After 42 days, 16 rats from each group were euthanized, their tibias were removed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis (OPG, RANKL, OC and TRAP), as well as reverse torque biomechanics. Data were submitted to One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by a Tukey post-test; P < 0.05. Histological analyses showed higher bone neoformation values among the members of the PEO group, SHAM and OVX groups. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated equilibrium in all groups when comparing surfaces for TRAP, OC and RANKL (P > 0.05), whereas OPG showed higher PEO labeling in the OVX group (P < 0.05). Biomechanical analysis showed higher reverse torque values (N.cm) for PEO, irrespective of whether they were OVX or SHAM groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that the PEO texturing method favored bone formation and showed higher bone maturation levels during later periods in osteoporotic rats.

Mapping Bone Marrow Cell Response from Senile Female Rats on Ca-P-Doped Titanium Coating

“…When the gene expression at day 7 was evaluated, indicating the initial phases of differentiation of MSC-BM into osteoblasts through the expression of genes RUNX2 and OSX, and in an “intermediate” phase characterized by the beginning of apatite precipitation, represented by the gene expression of BSP, higher values were noted for the SLA surface, denoting that the PEO surface presents in a more advanced stage. The results of gene expression of OPN, being considered as a “final” phase in the differentiation of MSC-BM, which already present mineralization, corroborate with the data previously described [ 42 , 48 ], in which the PEO surface reached bone maturation faster than SLA; this followed the regular chronological phases of bone tissue repair.…”

Osteoconductive and Osteoinductive Surface Modifications of Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration: A Concise Review

“…Promoted cell spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation [107] Titanium coating deposited by plasma spray process PEEK In vitro (human fetal osteoblast cells-hFOB 1. 19) Promoted cell proliferation and ECM mineralization [108] Polo et al [95] proved enhanced osseointegration by facilitating better bond strength and acceleration of new bone formation in vivo by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating containing Ca 2+ and P 5+ on the Ti implant surface. Similar results were found by He et al [96], who deposited Zn-containing coating on the Ti implant surface through the PEO method.…”

Formation of a Bacteriostatic Surface on ZrNb Alloy via Anodization in a Solution Containing Cu Nanoparticles

“…The plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment of dental and orthopedics implants is one of the most promising techniques due to the formation of strong bonds with metallic substrates [15]. There is extensive evidence of the PEO surface's effectiveness on Ti alloys, demonstrating increasing cell response and better osseointegration compared to the conventional implants [16][17][18]. There are a few studies about Zr-containing PEO implant coatings with successful outcomes [15], but there is lack of information about PEO-treatment of low-modulus ZrNb alloys for dental applications.…”