Plasma dynamics during relativistic S-band magnetron operation

Hadas, Yuval; Sayapin, A.; Krasik, Ya. E.; Bernshtam, V.; Schnitzer, I.

doi:10.1063/1.2986520

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The application of the HV pulse to the cathode leads to the formation of an explosive emission plasma 30 serving as a source of electrons accelerated towards the anode. During 20 ns of the HV pulse duration, the expansion of the plasma towards the anode along the magnetic field can be estimated to be 2 mm, 31 and indeed the AC 3 mm gap did not short. Typical waveforms of the diode current and voltage are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Radial density distribution of a warm dense plasma formed by underwater electrical explosion of a copper wire

et al. 2017

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Time-and space-resolved evolution of the density (down to 0.07 of solid state density) of a copper wire during its microsecond timescale electrical explosion in water was obtained by X-ray backlighting. In the present research, a flash X-ray source of 20 ns pulse-width and >60 keV photon energy was used. The conductivity of copper was evaluated for a temperature of 10 kK and found to be in good agreement with the data obtained in earlier experiments [DeSilva and Katsouros, Phys. Rev. E 57, 5945 (1998) and Sheftman and Krasik, Phys. Plasmas 18, 092704 (2011)] where only electrical and optical diagnostics were applied. Magneto-hydrodynamic simulation shows a good agreement between the simulated and experimental waveforms of the current and voltage and measured the radial expansion of the exploding wire. Also, the radial density distribution obtained by an inverse Abel transform analysis agrees with the results of these simulations. Thus, the validity of the equations of state for copper and the conductivity model used in the simulations was confirmed for the parameters of the exploding wire realized in the present research.

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Section: Experimental Setup and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Radial density distribution of a warm dense plasma formed by underwater electrical explosion of a copper wire

et al. 2017

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“…La-doping has been shown to reduce the c/a ratio of BF-PT from 1.10 down to 1.01. [14][15][16][17][18] Therefore, BF-PT with eight different La-contents was utilized as a model system to study the influence of c/a ratio on the domain switching behavior of ferroelectrics. As domain switching is affected by the distance to the respective morphotropic phase boundary ͑MPB͒, the BF/PT ratio was readjusted to the altered Lacontent to assure that all materials are at an MPB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tetragonal distortion on ferroelectric domain switching: A case study on La-doped BiFeO3–PbTiO3 ceramics

Leist¹,

Granzow²,

Jo³

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

126

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The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of (1−x)BiFeO3–xPbTiO3 (BF-PT) ceramics were investigated as a function of tetragonal distortion. The latter was adjusted by employing La-doping (0–30 at %) while keeping the material near the morphotropic phase boundary by varying x between 0.35 and 0.46. This allows changing the c/a ratio of tetragonal BF-PT in the range from 1.10–1.01 and consequently alters the level of compatibility stresses. It was found that the c/a ratio has a significant influence on domain switching as inferred from electric field induced polarization, strain hysteresis, and Rayleigh measurements. Specifically, a threshold c/a ratio of about 1.045 was identified below which the electric field induced domain mobility increases sharply.

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“…insulated) by the applied or induced magnetic field to generate high-power microwaves (Benford et al 2015). However, as the devices increase in power and become more compact, plasma generation is unavoidable as the current density in the system increases (Hadas et al 2008). Although low-frequency plasma oscillations are not well-studied due to the short pulse operation, it can be seen from figure 6(b) that the partially magnetised plasma is unstable in such configurations, similar to the Penning discharge.…”

Section: Cylindrical Magnetronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of gradient drift instabilities in low-temperature, partially magnetised plasmas

2022

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A fluid dispersion theory in partially magnetised plasmas is analysed to examine the conditions under which large-wavelength modes develop in Penning-type configurations, that is, where an electric field is imposed perpendicular to a homogeneous magnetic field. The fluid dispersion relation assuming a slab geometry shows that two types of low-frequency, gradient drift instabilities occur in the direction of the $\boldsymbol {E} \times \boldsymbol {B}$ and diamagnetic drifts. One type of instability, observed when the equilibrium electric field and plasma density gradient are in the same direction, is similar to the classic modified Simon–Hoh instability. A second instability is found for conditions in which (i) the diamagnetic drift is in the direction opposite to the $\boldsymbol {E} \times \boldsymbol {B}$ drift and (ii) the magnitude of the diamagnetic drift is sufficiently larger than the electron thermal speed. The present fluid dispersion theory suggests that the rotating spokes driven by such fluid instabilities propagate in the same direction as the diamagnetic drift, which can be in the same direction as or opposite to the $\boldsymbol {E} \times \boldsymbol {B}$ drift, depending on the plasma conditions. This finding may account for the observation, in some plasma devices, of the rotation of large-scale structures in both the $\boldsymbol {E} \times \boldsymbol {B}$ and $-\boldsymbol {E} \times \boldsymbol {B}$ directions.

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Plasma dynamics during relativistic S-band magnetron operation

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Radial density distribution of a warm dense plasma formed by underwater electrical explosion of a copper wire

Radial density distribution of a warm dense plasma formed by underwater electrical explosion of a copper wire

Effect of tetragonal distortion on ferroelectric domain switching: A case study on La-doped BiFeO3–PbTiO3 ceramics

Theory of gradient drift instabilities in low-temperature, partially magnetised plasmas

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